扬糯麦1号8000 kg hm~(–2)以上高产群体质量指标

糯小麦因其独特的品质特性而在食品加工等领域有广泛的用途,但其高产栽培配套技术却鲜有研究,制约了该特种小麦的生产。2010年11月至2013年6月连续3个生长季,以扬糯麦1号为材料,通过密度和氮肥施用量及不同生育期施氮比例处理,构建不同产量水平群体,研究不同群体的产量结构及群体质量特征,以明确高产群体的产量结构及群体质量指标。结果表明,扬糯麦1号≥8000 kg hm–2高产群体的产量构成三要素特点是每公顷520~550万穗、每穗43~46粒、千粒重32~37 g。高产群体拔节期最适茎蘖数为穗数的2.3~2.5倍,茎蘖成穗率为44%~49%,分蘖成穗率为25%~33%,孕穗期和乳熟期的最适叶面积指数(LAI)分别为6.2~6.5和3.2~4.0,开花期干物质积累量为10 000~11 600kg hm–2,花后干物质积累量达5900 kg hm–2以上,适宜粒叶比达0.36粒cm–2叶和12.40 mg cm–2叶以上。高产群体各生育时期LAI值、花后干物质积累量和粒叶比均高于中高产群体(7500~8000 kg hm–2)及中产群体(7500 kg hm–2)。3年中扬糯麦1号均达到高产指标的小区具有以下特征:基本苗为225×104 hm–2,总施氮量为240 kg hm–2,氮肥运筹(基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥)比例为5∶1∶2∶2。

Population Quality Indexes for Waxy Wheat Yangnuomai 1 with Yield Higher than 8000 kg ha–1

Waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a promising production due to its specific quality and wide uses in many fields. However, the cultivation techniques for high-yielding waxy wheat have seldom been studied. In this study, we conducted a three-year field experiment from November 2010 to June 2013 to make clear the population characters of Yangnuomai 1, a waxy wheat variety, at the yield level of 8000 kg ha^–1. With different grain yields were constructed by different levels of seedling density and nitrogen application amount, as well as different ratios of nitrogen applied before seeding and at the growth stages of tillering, elongation, and booting in waxy wheat variety Yangnuomai 1, three types of populations were designed under the co-regulation of plant density, nitrogen application rate and split ratio. The HY population ( ≥8000 kg ha^–1) was characterized with 5.2–5.5 million spikes ha^–1, 43–46 grains per spike and thousand-grain yield of 32–37 g. In HY population at jointing stage, the number of main stem and tillers was 2.3–2.5 folds over the final spike number, the earing percentage of main stem and tillers was 44–49% and the earing percentage of tillers was 25–33%. At booting and milk stage, the suitable leaf area indices (LAI) of HY population were 6.2–6.5 and 3.2–4.0, respectively. The dry matter accumulation amount at anthesis was 10 000–11 600 kg ha^-1, and the dry matter accumulated from anthesis to maturity was higher than 5900 kg ha^–1. At maturity stage, the grain/leaf ratios of HY population were 0.36 grains per square centimeter leaf and 12.40 mg grain per square centimeter leaf. Compared to MHY (moderately-high-yielding population, 7500–8000 kg ha^–1) and MY (middle-yielding population, <7500 kg ha^–1), HY population exhibited higher LAI at various stages, lager dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis, and higher values of both grain/leaf ratios. The common plot for HY population in three years was designed with seedling density of 2.25 ´ 10⁶ ha^–1 and total nitrogen amount of 240 kg ha^-1 with splitting application at before seeding, tillering, jointing, and booting stages (5:1:2:2).