青稞遗传多样性及其农艺性状与SSR标记的关联分析

利用92个SSR标记对108份青稞亲本材料进行多态性扫描，分析其遗传多样性，旨在寻找与农艺性状相关联的分子标记，为青稞杂交组合的配制及分子标记辅助育种提供依据。挑选48个多态性标记进行群体遗传结构分析，在此基础上采用Tassel 2.1 GLM (general linear model)和MLM (mixed linear model)方法进行标记与农艺性状的关联分析。共检测出156个等位变异，每个位点2~6个等位变异。供试群体的Shannon指数为0.6727~1.1368，材料间遗传相似系数为0.2250~1.0000，平均0.7585。通过群体遗传结构分析将供试材料划分成4个亚群。以GLM分析，发现12个与株高、穗长、穗粒数和分蘖数相关联的标记，对表型变异的解释率分别为11.5%~17.6%、19.4%~45.4%、15.4%~22.1%和29.2%；以MLM分析，发现8个与株高、分蘖数和小穗数相关的标记，各标记对表型变异的解释率分别为31.7%~49.8%、28.1%~37.2%、22.7%~32.7%。关联标记分布在基因组全部6个连锁群上。

Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis of Agronomic Characteristics with SSR Markers in Hulless Barley

The objectives of this study were to find molecular markers associated with yield-related traits and guide parental combination in molecular marker-assisted breeding and hybrid breeding of hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum HK. f.). A natural hulless barley population composed of 108 parental varieties/lines was screened with 92 SSR markers, in which 48 markers were polymorphic. Population structure was analyzed based on the polymorphic SSR data and association between markers and five agronomic traits were performed in TASSEL GLM (general linear model) and MLM (mixed linear model) programs. A total of 156 alleles were detected in the 108 varieties/lines with 2–6 alleles per locus. The Shannon’s index of the population ranged from 0.6727 to 1.1368 and the genetic similarity between varieties ranged from 0.2250 to 1.0000, with the mean of 0.7585. Structure analysis revealed four genetic subpopulations for the entire materials tested. Based on GLM analysis, 12 SSR markers were found to be associated with plant height, spike length, grain number per spike and tiller number, with phenotypic contributions of 11.5%–17.6%, 19.4%–45.4%, 15.4%–22.1% and 29.2%, respectively. Based on MLM analysis, 8 SSR markers were associated with plant height, awn length, and spikelet compactness, with the phenotypic contributions of 31.71%–49.88%, 28.1%–37.2%, and 22.7%–32.7%, respectively. These associated markers were distributed on 6 chromosomes of the barley genome.