石灰性土壤上不同小麦基因型对施锌的反应

为比较石灰性土壤上面包型小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)对施锌的反应,选择20种小麦基因型在温室中进行了土培试验。结果表明,在杨凌当地土壤有效锌含量水平(0.6 mg kg-1左右)下,施Zn对供试基因型小麦植株生长量均无明显影响,由于小麦根冠比主要受基因型控制,施锌对它的影响也很小。然而,供Zn显著提高了所有基因型小麦植株各部分的Zn含量和吸Zn量,根、茎、叶、籽粒中Zn含量增加幅度分别达0.22～3.22倍、0.26～2.82倍、0.10～3.84倍、0.10～0.84倍,整株吸Zn量均大幅度增加,幅度在28.8%～219.3%之间,平均增加104.8%。施Zn后不同基因型的Zn转运率有明显差异,范围在13.5%～90.2%之间,收获籽粒的6种基因型小麦对锌的转运率明显高于其它正处于抽穗期的基因型,表明灌浆期是Zn从根部向穗部转运的关键时期。施锌也显著提高了土壤有效锌含量。总之,对生长在有效锌含量不高的石灰性土壤上的小麦施锌是改善其营养品质的重要措施。

Response of Winter Wheat Plants of Different Genotypes Grown in the Calcareous Soil to Zinc Fertilization

A pot experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse to investigate the response of bread wheat plants(Triticum aestivum L.) of 20 genotypes to zinc fertilization.The effect of zinc fertilization on yield of different wheat genotypes was not significant under the condition of available Zn of 0.6mg kg(DTPA-Zn,) in a calcareous soil in Yangling,and the root to shoot ratios also were not affected by zinc fertilization,but they mainly depended on the genotypes of wheat.However,the Zn concentration and uptake in different parts of the wheat plants substantially increased in zinc fertilization compared to without fertilization.The Zn concentrations in root,stem,leaf and grain of the wheat plants were increased by 0.22-3.22,0.26-2.82,0.10-3.84 and 0.10-0.84 folds,respectively.The Zn uptake in the whole plants was increased by about 28.8-219.3%,and the average value was 104.8%.There existed big difference in translocation rate to zinc among the different wheat genotypes,and the range was 13.5-90.2%.It indicated that the filling stage was a crucial stage for Zn to be translocated from root to spike.Zinc fertilization also increased the available Zn content in the soil.In general,zinc fertilization is an important and effective measure to improve nutritional status of wheat.