森林群落多样性与空间格局研究综述

物种多样性和空间格局是过去自然过程和人类干扰的结果，也是群落未来发展的起点，是生态学理论研究的中心议题，也是应用研究的热点。文中对这2个方面进行了综述，指出存在的不足并提出了建议，以适应管理更复杂森林的需求。在群落物种多样性方面，针对物种的长期共存机制提出了各种不同的理论或假说，目前不同观点有整合趋势，并开始探讨不同机制在物种多样性维持方面的贡献；个体大小的多样性是多样性研究的一个新内容，最近开展了很多有关林木直径大小的研究。在空间格局方面，提出很多分析方法和检验判别统计量，在只需检验格局类型时扩散系数表现较好，而需探讨不同尺度格局类型时可以使用点格局分析。由于林木的高生长差异，多样性和格局在垂直方向有独特的表现，但是在当前研究中较少涉及垂直方向。今后应加强这方面研究，这对群落水平的天然林保护和森林近自然经营具有现实意义。

A Review of Diversity and Spatial Pattern of Forest Community

Species diversity and spatial pattern is the results of natural processes and human disturbances in the past, and also a starting point for its future community development. They are not only the central issue for ecology theory study, but also the focus of applied research. The paper reviewed the two aspects and also pointed out the existing problems with corresponding suggestions for meeting the needs to manage more complicated forest. Different theories or hypotheses have been put forward that concerning long-term coexistence of species in the community, and at present, some of them are to be integrated. In terms of species diversity of community, various theories or assumptions have been proposed for the long-term co-existence of species, but now different thoughts tends to be converged and the contributions by different mechanisms to species diversity maintenance began to be discussed. Size diversity is a new study content of the diversity of the community, and many studies have been conducted for tree diameter diversity. A number of analysis methods and statistics have been put forward for spatial pattern analysis, and diffusion coefficient is good for testing pattern types while point pattern analysis could be used to explore pattern types at different scales. Owing to the difference in height growth of trees, diversify and pattern have unique performance in vertical distribution. But there is little touched on vertical distribution in current studies, and therefore the future enhancement of the study on this aspect would be realistically significant for nature forest protection and close-to-nature forest management at community level.