中国污染农地整理工程的环境问题及解决途径

随着中国经济日益增长，工业化、城市化规模不断扩大，农地污染已成为中国严重的环境问题之一。据《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》数据，中国部分地区土壤污染较重，耕地土壤环境质量堪忧，工矿业废弃地土壤环境问题突出。利用现行的土地整理技术对污染农地进行整理，势必给大气、水、土壤环境质量带来一定的影响。该文分析了中国现行农地整理技术特点，认为现行的土地整理技术不同于国外先修复后整理的实施流程，对于在中国广泛存在的轻微、轻度污染土地，应用现行污染农地整理时，会引起污染面积扩大、污染类型复杂、污染方式多元化等环境问题。该文以土壤修复技术与土壤整理技术兼容性为出发点，提出通过构建污染农地的整理技术途径有效地解决此类问题。该文强调，所提出的技术体系只适用于轻微、轻度污染农地的整理。中度、重度污染的农地，应先修复，后整理。该文为中国轻微、轻度污染农地整理提供了科学的思路和技术框架。

Potential environmental problems resulted from contaminated farmland and solution for land consolidation in China

Abstract: Along with economy growing, industrialization and urbanization, farmland pollution has become one of serious environmental problems in China. According to the data from the report on the national general survey on soil contamination, in some regions of China, the soil pollution is still worthy of consideration, the environmental quality of farmland is undoubtedly alarming, and soil pollution problem of industrial and mining derelict land is grave. Appling the existing land consolidation technology to contaminated farmland, will inevitably bring a certain impact on the atmosphere, water, and soil environmental quality. In this paper, based on the analysis of the features of existing land consolidation technology in China, we find that different from the principle of foreign land consolidation technology, repair first before consolidation, application of our existing land consolidation technology will cause many environmental problems, such as increasing the pollution area, complicating the pollution type, and diversify the pollution ways. The effect way to resolve the above problems is to reconstruct the farmland consolidation technology which should take the consideration of the common ground of land remediation and land consolidation. We emphasize that the proposed technical system is only applicable to mild and light pollution of farmland consolidation. For moderate and severe pollution of farmland, it should repair first before consolidation. The existing land consolidation operation procedure in China has 4 phases, and in this paper we have put forward some improvement suggestions for each phase. Firstly, before the implementation of land consolidation project, we hold the opinion that investigation of pollution state should be added into the existing preparation and object area determination phase. Through the investigation of the data of natural, social-economy conditions, pollution state, pollutant source, and so on, we can identify whether the farmland is polluted or not, and the pollution type and degree, which can provide the foundation knowledge for consolidation engineering design. Secondly, in the concerned procedure of the project planning design phase, we add an extra procedure of scheme comparison. According to the analysis of technical and economic feasibility, preliminary screening of proposed scheme can be realized; and then through scenario analysis and effect evaluation, an optimized scheme can be proposed; eventually, combined with local economic and social development goals, the final land consolidation scheme can be determined to realize the benefit of economic, social and environment. Thirdly, we put forward that except the existing procedure of approval and implementation phase, after the implementation of consolidate project, monitoring of air and water pollution should be carried out to check the effect of the scheme and consolidation technology. At the last phase of check and confirmation, we notice that soil environmental quality assessment should be added into this phase to strengthen the evaluation and management of post-consolidation, and hence to realize the coordination of the relationship between land and humankind, the improvement of the efficiency of land use, the protection of the ecological environment, the promotion of sustainable utilization of land resources and the sustainable development of social economy. This paper will provide the scientific thinking and technical framework for mildly and lightly polluted land consolidation in China.