Barriers to the effective planning and management of residential encroachment within urban forest edges: A Southern Ontario,Canada case study |
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| Authors: | Wendy McWilliam Robert Brown Paul Eagles Mark Seasons |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Landscape Architecture, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand;2. Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada;3. Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, 200 University West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada;4. School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada;1. Environmental Psychology, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;2. Department of Work Science, Business Economics, and Environmental Psychology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden;3. County Administrative Board of Skåne, Sweden;1. National University of Rwanda, Faculty of Science, University Avenue, Box 117, Huye, Rwanda;2. Department of Environmental Studies, Antioch University New England, 40 Avon St., Keene, NH 0343l, USA;3. School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China;4. DFGFI-Karisoke Research Center, P.O. Box 1005, Musanze, Rwanda;1. Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 66, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;2. Department of Work Science, Business Economics and Environmental Psychology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 88, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;1. Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ILP – UMB, Postboks 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway;2. Department of Landscape Architecture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Alnarp, Box 52, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;1. New Zealand School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand;2. Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Studies document degradation and loss of publicly owned urban woodland area following adjacent residential development due to residential encroachment. Residential encroachment is the negative impacts of housing land uses within both rural and urban green infrastructure networks. Prevailing planning, design and management approaches in Southern Ontario municipalities in Canada indicate planning and management tools have been developed to remove and impede encroachment impacts; however, many are infrequently implemented. This lack of implementation contributes to a high prevalence and spatial area of encroachment within Southern Ontario municipal woodland edges with adjacent housing. Long interviews were conducted with the planners, landscape architects, woodland managers and bylaw enforcement staff of six Southern Ontario municipalities to determine the barriers to implementation of municipal encroachment tools. Results indicate key barriers to policy implementation that reflect a lack of awareness of, and priority placed on addressing, residential encroachment impacts, and impacts following the point of development in general. Barriers include: (1) insufficient community and municipal access to information regarding residential encroachment and their significance relative to other development impacts; (2) lack of clarity of goals by municipalities and between departments; (3) insufficient municipal leadership and commitment to limiting encroachment; (4) lack of sufficient means within municipal departments to prevent and address encroachment; and (5) ineffectual dynamics of enforcement. Recommendations for overcoming barriers to the development and implementation of effective approaches for addressing encroachment are provided. |
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| Keywords: | Forest edges Green infrastructure Protected area planning and management Residential encroachment Urban indigenous vegetation Urban ecosystem services |
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