Restorative effects of visits to urban and forest environments in patients with exhaustion disorder |
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| Authors: | Elisabet Sonntag-Öström Maria Nordin Ylva Lundell Ann Dolling Urban Wiklund Marcus Karlsson Bo Carlberg Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;2. Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;3. Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden;4. Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;5. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;6. Arctic Research Centre (Arcum), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;1. Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan;2. Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;3. Twin Research Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;4. Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Science, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan;1. Department of Integrative Medicine, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;2. Korea Forest Research Institute, Korea Forest Service, South Korea;1. Stress Research Institute, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. School of Computer Science, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland;2. Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | This experimental study investigated differences in perceived restorativeness, mood, attention capacity and physiological reactions when visiting city and forest environments. Twenty female patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder visited three different forest environments and one city environment in randomized order. They performed a standardized 90-min test procedure in each of these environments. Evaluation of the environments and psychological effects in mood were studied with self-administered questionnaires. Attention capacity was studied with Necker Cube Pattern Control task. Physiological responses were measured with regularly scheduled controls of heart rate and blood pressure, and a single test of heart rate recovery. Visits to the forest environments were perceived as significantly more restorative, enhancing mood and attention capacity compared to the city. This also applies to the results of heart rate and to some extent to the results of the diastolic blood pressure. The results from this experimental study support our hypothesis that short visits to forest environments enhance both psychological and physiological recovery and that visits to forest environments are likely to be beneficial when suffering from exhaustion disorder. |
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| Keywords: | Burnout City Human health Nature Psychophysiology Recovery |
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