Optimising the organic components of topsoil mixtures for urban grassland |
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| Authors: | Trond K Haraldsen Eva Brod Tore Krogstad |
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| Institution: | 1. Bioforsk – Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Frederik A. Dahls vei 20, 1430 Ås, Norway;2. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway;1. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States;2. Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States;1. Botanic Garden and Herbarium, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;2. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;3. Finnish Forest Research Institute, PO Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland;1. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;2. College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA |
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| Abstract: | In order to optimise the organic components of topsoil mixtures for urban grassland, we conducted two pot experiments, each with seven topsoil mixtures and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as the experimental crop. The mineral base material of the topsoil mixtures was a blend of crushed bedrock (0–2 mm), sand and agricultural topsoil. The organic components comprised three types of organic waste-based products (WBP), namely sewage sludge (SS), water sludge (WS) and garden-park compost (GPC), which were added in varying ratios to a total amount of 0.3 m3 WBP m?3. In both experiments, mineral nitrogen (N) availability was the key limiting factor for plant growth. Plant growth increased with increasing amounts of the N-rich SS, whereas WS and/or GPC alone resulted in sparse biomass production. Topsoil mixtures with 0.1 m3 m?3 each of SS, WS, GPC or with 0.1 m3 SS m?3 and 0.2 m3 WS m?3 resulted in favourable growth patterns and acceptable soil chemical properties. Topsoil mixtures containing ≤0.1 m3 SS m?3 can therefore be recommended for the establishment of urban grassland. With >0.1 m3 SS m?3, N and phosphorus (P) were applied in excess, causing intensive plant growth and strongly increased readily available phosphorus (P-AL) content in topsoil. We therefore suggest revision of the current Norwegian regulations, which permit inclusion of 0.3 m3 SS m?3 in topsoil mixtures for urban greening. |
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| Keywords: | Garden-park compost Growth medium Nitrogen Phosphorus Sewage sludge Water sludge |
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