Toward estimating the value of stewardship volunteers: A cost-based valuation approach in King County,Washington, USA |
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| Authors: | Jean M Daniels Alicia ST Robbins Weston R Brinkley Kathleen L Wolf John M Chase |
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| Institution: | 1. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 620 SW Main, Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA;2. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;3. Forterra, 901 5th Avenue # 2200, Seattle, WA 98164, USA;1. Technical Services and Research, Casey Trees, 3030 12th St NE, Washington, DC 20017, United States;2. Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States;1. Sustainable Consumption Institute (SCI), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;2. Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;1. Pennsylvania State University, DuBois, PA 15801, USA;2. Radnor Lake State Natural Area, Nashville, TN 37220, USA;3. Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA;1. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States;2. Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589 Japan;3. Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, Department of Spatial, Landscape and Infrastructural Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria;1. Akaka Foundation for Tropical Forests, HI, United States;2. Hui Kaiāulu, Kama‘āina of Nāpu‘u and Ka‘ūpūlehu, HI, United States;3. Hui Aloha Kīholo, Hui Kaiāulu, Kama‘āina of Nāpu‘u and Ka‘ūpūlehu, HI, United States;4. Conservation International, HI, United States;5. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, School of Life Sciences, United States;6. Hawai‘i Division of Forestry & Wildlife, United States;7. University of Hawai‘i, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, United States;8. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, HI, United States |
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| Abstract: | Urban forestry professionals are increasingly challenged to find cost-effective strategies for resource conservation and management. Many organizations partner with citizen groups to host events that enlist volunteers to perform stewardship tasks like tree planting and trail maintenance. These volunteer programs incur costs to both the managing agency and partners, such as staffing, tools, and transportation. Volunteers contribute uncompensated time and expertise. Little is known about these contributions, yet citizen stewards and host groups represent an important human dimension of urban forest management. Using a survey administered to volunteers and host organizations at restoration events in King County Parks, WA, USA, we developed a cost-based approach to estimate the value of stewardship activities that occurred in the spring field season of 2011. Expenditures included volunteer and event host time and direct cost of traveling to and from events, on-site labor, equipment, and preparation costs. Results suggest that contributions made by volunteers and hosts are significant; the combined costs associated with the 17 sampled events was approximately $35,700. These efforts represent a small subset of the more than 1000 volunteer environmental stewardship activities that take place annually in King County. |
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| Keywords: | Ecological restoration Environmental stewardship King County Parks Urban forestry Valuation methods Volunteerism |
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