A review of studies on the occurrence of Melampsora pinitorqua in Central and Eastern Europe

The Occurrence of Melampsora pinitorqua (Braun) Rostr. in Central and Eastern Europe, its biology and methods of control are described on the basis of a literature review. The incidence of the disease in young Scots pine plantations is dependent on the presence of the alternate host, Populus tremula, in the region. A comparison of the incidence with climatic conditions during several years in Poland, using “Walter Climate-diagrams” demonstrated that spring drought reduces the disease.