畜禽粪便中重金属含量、形态及转化的研究进展

随着集约化、规模化养殖业的发展,畜禽粪便中重金属引发的环境污染问题日益严重。文章综述了畜禽粪便中重金属的来源、含量、形态及转化的研究进展,指出堆肥是当前畜禽粪便中重金属污染控制的有效手段,在堆肥过程中添加沸石、膨润土和风化煤等钝化剂,能够有效降低畜禽粪便中某些重金属元素的生物有效性,减少其对土壤环境和农产品污染的风险;在保持有效养分的条件下,研究不同钝化剂对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中重金属形态转化的影响以及不同处理对畜禽粪便中重金属生物有效性的影响,将是今后研究的重点。

Research progress on contents, speciation and transformation of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manures

Environmental problems caused by heavy metals in livestock and poultry manures are more and more serious with the development of intensive and scale breeding industry.This paper reviews the research progress on sources,contents,speciation and transformation of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manures.It was pointed out that the composting was the efficient way for controlling the pollution of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manures at the present.Use of passivators such as zeolite,bentonite and weathered coal during the process of composting could reduce the bioavailability of some heavy metals in livestock and poultry manures and lower the risk of the heavy metals pollution on soils and farm products.It was needed to conduct researches for exploring the influences of different passivators on the speciation and transformation of heavy metals in the process of composting and the effects of different treatments on the bioavailability of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manures.