气候变化及人为活动驱动下的西南喀斯特生态水文研究评述

喀斯特地区地表关键带结构十分复杂,土层浅薄且持水能力弱,地下裂隙多而渗透速率快,导致地表水分亏缺频繁、生态脆弱、污染物扩散快速等一系列生态环境问题。喀斯特地区的合理开发利用和生态环境保护,对深刻理解其生态水文过程有着极大的诉求。迄今为止,喀斯特生态水文学已经获得了重要进展,极大地提升了人们对植被水分来源与耗散机理、坡面水文快速过程、环境变化的生态水文效应等方面的认识,并构建了多种模型,为喀斯特地区生态治理、环境保护和水资源合理利用等提供了理论依据和技术支撑。但受限于喀斯特地表结构的复杂性,目前所获得的结论也存在很多不足和不确定性。本文从喀斯特生态水文过程与机理、喀斯特流域生态水文和喀斯特生态水文模型研究三个方面概述了喀斯特生态水文研究进展,介绍了课题组在相关方面的主要成果,并提出了未来研究中应进一步重视的问题。

Ecohydrology in karst region of southwestern China under changing climate and human activities: A review

Due to the carbonate nature, the critical zone in karst region is very complex, and characterized by thin soil layer with low water capacity, lot of cracks with high percolation, which result in a series of ecological environment problems, such as frequent water deficit, fragile ecosystem and rapid pollutant migration. Therefore, knowledge of ecohydrological processes in karst region is essential for ecosystem protection and rational utilization of karst area. To date, many progresses in karst ecohydrology have been obtained. These results improve our insight in evapotranspiration and water sources of karst plants, hydrological processes on karst slopes, ecohydrological effects of environment changes and etc, and provide theoretical and technical supports for ecological restoration, environment protection and water resources utilization. However, owing to the extreme complex critical zone, there still exist many shortcomings and uncertainties of these results. Focusing on ecohydrological processes, karst catchment-scale ecohydrology, and karst ecohydrological models, this paper reviewed the main progresses in karstic ecohydrology, and introduced our main achievements in the corresponding areas, and pointed out the points that need to emphasized.