水稻耐逆境种质创新研究十年回顾

十多年来,我们围绕中国南方水稻生产遇到的主要逆境因素,开展了水稻种质挖掘和创新研究。克隆或优化了耐旱基因AtDREB1A和CbDREB1A,抗除草剂基因Epsps~#、Pat~#和Mat~#,抗螟虫基因Cry2Aa~#和Cry1Ca~#,以及植酸酶-牛乳铁蛋白肽融合基因PhyLf。培育出了抗除草剂早籼稻新种质Bar68,抗2种除草剂水稻新种质EB7001S,抗除草剂、具植酸酶和抗菌肽活性的水稻新种质BPL9K,抗螟虫、抗除草剂的水稻新种质B2A4008S、B2A68、B1C893和B1C106,以及一些耐旱、耐盐、耐低温并抗除草剂的水稻新种质。从爪哇稻、籼爪交重组自交系、粳稻中筛选出了一些耐高温、耐旱性较好的种质资源。改良了华占、岳恢9113、Y58S、广占63S等骨干杂交稻亲本的褐飞虱和白叶枯病抗性。培育出了耐涝中间材料Sub-1BS。这些耐逆境新种质的创制,将为水稻耐逆境育种提供有力的技术支撑。

Germplasm innovation of stress tolerance in rice: Progress we have made in past decade

Focusing on the dominant stresses of rice production in Southern China, we have carried out germplasm evaluation and innovation in rice for more than 10 years. A set of genes have been cloned or sequence-optimized, including the drought tolerance genes AtDREB1A and CbDREB1A, the herbicide resistance genes Epsps#, Pat# and Mat#, the lepidopteran resistance genes Cry2Aa# and Cry1Ca#, and the phytase-lactoferricin fusion gene PhyLf. The innovated rice germplasm covered Bar68, a glufosinate resistance indica rice variety for early cropping season; EB7001S, a male sterile line with both glufosinate and glyphosate resistance; BPL9K, a glufosinate resistance rice variety as well as with both phytase and antibacterial activity in grains; B2A4008S, B2A68, B1C893 and B1C106, the rice varieties with both glufosinate resistance and lepidopteran resistance; and some glufosinate resistance rice varieties with drought tolerance, or with salinity tolerance, or with cold tolerance. Some rice germplasm with better thermal tolerance or drought tolerance were selected out from javanica rice resource, or from indica/javanica recombinant inbred lines, or from japonica rice resource. Some key parental lines of hybrid rice, including Huazhan, Yuehui9113, Y58S, and Guangzhan63S etc., were improved in both brown planthopper resistance and bacterial blight resistance. A submergence tolerance line Sub-1BS was developed by marker-assisted selection and twice submergence stress method. The evaluated and innovated rice germplasm as described above will provide strong support for future stress tolerance breeding in rice.