绿狐尾藻生态湿地处理污染水体的研究评述

当前,解决我国农业农村日趋严峻的水污染问题是美丽乡村建设重中之重的任务。本文总结了近年来中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所研发的农业农村水污染生态处理与资源化利用综合技术体系的研究进展。其中,以绿狐尾藻湿地技术为核心,重点介绍了绿狐尾藻的生理生态特征和生态竞争力,从绿狐尾藻的氮磷吸收能力及绿狐尾藻湿地系统中功能微生物群落结构特征等方面阐明了绿狐尾藻湿地中氮磷和有机污染物的主要去除机理;结合绿狐尾藻的营养特征及动物(鸡、鸭、猪等)生长试验,分析了其饲料化技术的可行性,并探讨了其肥料化和能源化等途径的发展前景;最后,对后期的研究工作包括绿狐尾藻和附生微生物的协同作用机理、绿狐尾藻湿地治理技术的集成与优化以及资源化利用设备研发等进行了展望。

Research advances of Myriophyllum spp.-based wetland for wastewater treatment and resource utilization

It is critical and important for construction of beautiful village to solve the increasingly serious water pollution issues in the agricultural and rural areas of China. The review introduced the comprehensive technology systems of agricultural and rural wastewater ecological treatment and resource utilization developed by the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences in recent years. The key point of the technology systems was Myriophyllum spp-based ecological wetland. The physiological and ecological characteristics of the Myriophyllum spp. and its ecological competitiveness were summarized. The nutrient uptake capacity of Myriophyllum spp. and structure and activities of functional microorganisms in wetland system were analyzed. The main removal mechanisms of nitrogen, phosphorus and organics in Myriophyllum-based wetlands were elucidated. This review analyzed feasibility of Myriophyllum spp. as feed according to its nutrient characteristics and effect of its application on animal growth (chicken, duck and pig). The development prospect of its fertilizer and energy-based approaches were discussed. Finally, further research directions of sustainable Myriophyllum spp.-based treatment wetland technology were proposed, e.g., the synergistic mechanisms of Myriophyllum spp. and attached microbes on pollutants removal, optimization of the integrated wetland treatment technology, and development of resource utilization equipment.