能人带户旅游扶贫模式下农户增权效应研究——基于易县狼牙山地区的案例分析

贫困人口能力和权利缺失已成为影响旅游扶贫效应的重要因素,探究能人带户旅游扶贫模式下贫困地区农户社区增权效应对当地旅游扶贫项目精准实施具有重要意义,也为其他区域实现旅游扶贫可持续发展提供理论与实践参考。以河北省易县狼牙山地区为例,运用案例分析和实地调研方法,分析能人带户旅游扶贫模式下社区增权效应,剖析其内在逻辑。结果表明,狼牙山地区在能人带户旅游扶贫模式下基本实现了社区旅游经济、心理、社会增权,主要得益于村庄能人的社会责任感和能人带户示范带动效应,也契合了村民、政府和村庄能人的利益诉求。同时依托于全民参与机制与利益分配机制,实现了旅游扶贫社区增权,提升了贫困农户的可行能力和获得感。面对村庄公共事务村民仍然存在话语权和决策权缺失、利益分配不均衡导致的政治失权。因此,提出强化村庄能人培养,加大对能人带户旅游扶贫模式政策扶持和引入社会组织机构的对策建议。

Study on the empowerment effect of rural households under the tourism poverty alleviation model of village elites leading households: A case study of Langya Mountain area in Yixian County

The lack of ability and right of the poor has become an important factor affecting the poverty alleviation effect of tourism. It is of great significance for the accurate implementation of local tourism poverty alleviation projects to explore the situation of community tourism empowerment in poor areas under the model of village elites leading households. And it also provides theoretical and practical reference for other regions to achieve sustainable development of tourism poverty alleviation. Taking Langya Mountain area in Yixian County, Hebei Province as an example, this paper analyzes the situation and internal logic of community tourism poverty alleviation empowerment under the model of village elites leading households by the means of case analysis and on-site survey. Result shows that the Langya Mountain area in the tourism poverty alleviation model village elites leading households has been basically achieved economic, psychological, and social empowerment. Main reasons include the sense of social responsibility of village elites and the model-driven effects in addition to the interests of local farmers, Governments, and village elites. At the same time, it relies on the participation mechanism and the benefit distribution mechanism of the whole community and the tourism poverty alleviation community is empowered. This paper also finds that the feasible ability and sense of gain of poor farmers are improved. As for the village public affair management, there still exist some challenges: including the lack of the voice and decision-making power of farmers and unbalanced distribution of interests which caused the lack of political rights. Therefore, the paper suggests to strengthen the cultivation of village capable personnel, to increase the policy support for the model of village elites leading households, and to introduce social organizations.