玉米子粒败育与果穗上元素分配关系的研究

本研究比较了玉米正常果穗和秃尖果穗的子粒及穗轴中12种矿质元素的浓度,结果表明:在正常果穗和秃尖果穗的子粒中N、P、K、Mg、Ca、Na、B、Zn、Cu和Mn及两种果穗的穗轴中P、Na、Ca、Fe、B、Zn、Cu、Mn和Mo的浓度相同,秃尖果穗子粒中Mo的浓度及穗轴中N、K和Mg的浓度显著高于正常果穗的。正常果穗顶部子粒中的K和Zn的浓度及穗轴中N、P、K和Zn的浓度高于基部子粒的。在秃尖果穗顶部败育子粒(瘪粒)中N和Zn的浓度高于基部正常子粒,而在秃尖果穗的穗轴中N、P、K、Mg、Ca、Zn和Mn的浓度比同轴上败育子粒的基部及正常子粒的基部为高。为此,本研究认为,子粒败育不是矿质元素供应不足引起的。子粒败育是由于矿质元素输送渠道的机能失常或果穗上穗轴与子粒的接合点对元素的选择输送机能失常造成的。

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KERNEL ABORTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MINERAL ELEMENTS IN MAIZE EAR

The concentraion of 12 mineral elements in the kernel and cob tissue in normal and nubbin maize ears was compared. The results showed that the concentration of N、P、K、 Mg、Ca、Na、B、Zn、Cu、and Mn in the kernel and P、Na、Ca、Fe、B、Zn、Cu、Mn and Mo in the cobs was the same in nubbin and normal ears. Concentration of Mo in kernel and concen- tration of N、K、Mg in cob were significantly higher in nubbin than in normal ears. In the normal ears, concentration of K and Zn in the kernels and N、P、K、and Zn in the cobs was higher at apical than at basal positions of ears. In nubbin ears, concentration of N and Zn were higher in apical (aborted) than in basal (normal) kernels, In cobs of nubbin ears, how- erer, concentration of N、P、K、Mg、Ca、Zn and Mn as higher than in apical aborted kernels and in basal normal kernels at the same cob. From this study an insufficient supply of the mineral elements was considered as a cause of kernel abortion. A malfunction of transport of mineral elements or a disturbance of the transfer of mineral elenents between cob and kernel tissues may occure with kernel abortion.