高比例种仁杂交亲本的发现对枣树有性杂交育种的重要意义

枣树有性杂交育种存在许多难题,其中大多数枣树品种的种核没有种仁是影响枣树有性杂交育种关键问题。笔者在开展枣树有性杂交育种时,发现了鲜食冬枣和制干金丝小枣具有饱满、高比例的种仁,含种仁率分别为84.71%和50.00%~117.77%。通过冬枣×梨枣有性杂交组合,采集冬枣种子2 160粒,获取杂交实生苗625株,最后复选出主要性状超双亲的子代优良品系60株,综合性状超双亲的子代优良品系6株。该发现对枣树的有性杂交育种有重要意义。

Significance of Finding of High-proportional Seed Hybridization Parent to Jujube Sexual Hybridization Breeding

There are many problems existing in the sexual hybridization breeding of jujube and the key problem affecting the sexual hybridization breeding of jujube is that the seed stones of most jujube varieties have no seeds. It was found in carrying out the sexual hybridization breeding of jujube that the fresh winter jujube and dried golden-silk jujube have full and high-proportional seeds and their seed-containing rates are 74.71% and 50.00%-117.77% respectively. By sexual hybridization of winter jujube ×pear-jujube, 2 160 grains of winter jujube seeds were collected, 625 plants of hybrid seedlings were obtained and 60 plants of high-quality progeny varieties with the main characteristics better than those of their parents and 6 plants of high-quality progeny varieties with the comprehensive characteristics better than those of their parents were selected. The finding has important significance to the sexual hybridization breeding of jujube.