酿酒葡萄越冬防冻技术研究发展概况

酿酒葡萄越冬防冻技术对葡萄的生长、发育、产量及品质有决定性关系，冬季冻害严重的年份直接影响种植户的经济收入和葡萄产业的健康、稳定发展。通过查阅葡萄越冬防冻技术相关文献，从覆土、其他材料混合覆土、其他材料覆盖、免下架，以及选择砧木嫁接、抗冻品种、架式、栽植方式、园间管理措施等栽培技术方面归纳分析了多种葡萄防冻技术。分析结果表明，要抵制冬季低温对葡萄产生不利影响，首先需要栽植抗寒砧木品种的嫁接苗，解决冻害的首要根本隐患。其次是越冬防寒措施，在西北和东北地区，聚氯乙烯膜等材料混合覆土方式或玻璃棉保温被等覆盖方式的综合效益均优于埋土；华北及以南部分地区可种植北枚、北红免下架越冬。聚苯乙烯等材料既可起到良好的御寒效果，又能用于霜冻救急，并且属废物利用，具有很好的环保效果，可能成为今后酿酒葡萄越冬技术的主要发展方向。 

General situation of research and development on antifreeze technology for wine grape overwintering

wintering anti-freezing technology is decisive to growing, development, yield and quality of wine grape. Severe freezing damage in winter directly influences not only the income of the growers, but also the grape-industry development healthily and stably. Through looking up lots of pertinent literatures on grape overwintering antifreeze technology, and the technologies are summed up on covering soil, other materials mixed soil, covering other materials, and the shelves and multiple cultivation techniques, such as selecting scion grafting, varieties of antifreeze, posture, planting way and inter-garden management measures. The results show that selecting scion grafting is the firstly needed to solve the primary and fundamental hidden of freezing injury. Secondly, the most important thing is the wintering measures. The benefits of polyvinyl chloride and other mixed soil or glass wool insulation quilt are better than that of burying soil. Beimei, Beihong in North China and parts of south of it could live through the winter form the shelves. Polystyrene has good cold protection effect and can be used on frost emergency, such as of which has good environmental protection effect and may be the main development direction of wine grape overwintering technology in the future.