Grazing Management and Microclimate Effects on Cattle Distribution Relative to a Cool Season Pasture Stream |
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| Authors: | MM Haan JR Russell JD Davis DG Morrical |
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| Institution: | 1. Pasture Dairy Project Coordinator, Michigan State University, Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA;2. Professors, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;3. Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;1. Urban and Regional Planning Program, University of Michigan, 2000 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, USA;3. College of Engineering, University of Michigan, USA;1. Professor of Range Management Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.;2. Assistant Scientist in Range Management, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.;2. USDA, ARS, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, 2300 Experiment Station Road, Bushland, TX 79012;1. Assistant Project Scientist, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA;2. Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;3. Supervisory Research Rangeland Management Specialist and Research Leader, USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009, USA;4. Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA;5. Professor and Rangeland Watershed Cooperative Extension Specialist, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA |
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| Abstract: | Because of concerns about the impact of grazing management on surface water quality, a 3-yr study was conducted to determine grazing management and microclimate impacts on cattle distribution relative to a pasture stream and shade. Three treatments, continuous stocking with unrestricted stream access (CSU), continuous stocking with restricted stream access (CSR), and rotational stocking (RS), were evaluated on six 12.1-ha cool-season grass pastures stocked with 15 fall-calving Angus cows (Bos taurus L.) from mid-May through mid-October of each year. On 2 d · mo?1 from May through September of each year, a trained observer in each pasture recorded cattle position and activity every 10 min from 0600 to 1800 hours. In years 2 and 3, position of one cow per pasture was recorded with a Global Positioning System (GPS) collar at 10-min intervals 24 h · d?1 for 2 wk · mo?1 from May through September. In week 2 of collar deployment in May, July, and September, cattle had access to off-stream water. Ambient temperature, black globe temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were recorded at 10-min intervals and temperature humidity (THI), black globe temperature humidity (BGTHI), and heat load (HLI) indices were calculated. Based on GPS collars, mean percentage of time cows in CSU pastures were in the stream (1.1%) and streamside zone (10.5%) were greater (P < 0.05) than cows in CSR (0.2% and 1.8%) or RS (0.1% and 1.5%) pastures. Based on GPS collar data, off-stream water did not affect the percentage of time cattle in CSU or CSR pastures spent in the stream. Probabilities that cattle in CSU and CSR pastures were in the stream or riparian zones increased (P < 0.05) as ambient temperature, black globe temperature, THI, BGTHI, and HLI increased. Rotational stocking and restricted stream access were effective strategies to decrease the amount of time cattle spent in or near a pasture stream. |
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