粮食主产区和主销区利益平衡机制探析

粮食主产区在我国农业发展中具有举足轻重的地位和作用,但粮食主产区与主销区利益机制不协调。"粮食大省,工业弱省,财政穷省"的局面依然存在。统筹粮食主产区与主销区协调发展,充分调动粮食主产区地方政府抓粮、农民种粮的积极性,是确保国家粮食安全的必然要求。本文阐述了粮食安全具有准公共产品性质,必须坚持市场调节与政府调控相结合,才能实现粮食供求均衡;分析了当前主产区与主销区粮食生产情况及利益补偿机制,发现当前粮食主产区与主销区利益补偿机制不尽合理,提出了通过调整粮食主产区粮食风险基金承担比例、征收庇古税、合理确定粮食主销区对主销区补偿的额度等措施来建立粮食主产区与主销区的利益平衡机制。

Research on Coordination Mechanisms Between Major Grain Producing Areas and Sales Areas

Major grain producing areas have an important position and role in China’s agricultural development,but major grain producing areas and sales areas are lack of interests of coordination mechanisms.The situation of "food province,industrial weak provinces,financial poor province" still exists.Integrating the development of grain-producing regions and the main sales areas,fully mobilizing the grain-producing regions local government to pay attention to food and the peasants’ enthusiasm for growing grain,is the inevitable demand to ensure national food security.This article elaborated food security has properties of a quasi-public product,we must adhere to the principle of combination of market regulation and Government regulation to achieve the balance of food supply and demand;making an analysis of the food production situation and the interests compensation mechanism current of main producing areas and main sales areas,research showed current interests compensation mechanism was not reasonable between food main producing areas and main sales areas,presenting by adjusting the proportion of food grain risk fund,imposing a pigovian tax,determining reasonable compensation to the major grain producing areas to establish interest balancing mechanism of main grain producing areas and main sales areas.