免疫细胞在牦牛附睾和输精管的分布规律

旨在研究免疫细胞在健康雄性牦牛附睾和输精管的分布。采用免疫组织化学和实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)方法对幼龄(5~6月龄)及成年(3~4岁)牦牛附睾(头、体、尾)和输精管中CD68⁺巨噬细胞、CD3⁺ T淋巴细胞、CD79α⁺ B淋巴细胞、IgA⁺和IgG⁺浆细胞的分布特征及其表面标志分子的表达水平进行研究。结果显示：CD68⁺巨噬细胞、CD3⁺ T淋巴细胞、CD79α⁺ B淋巴细胞、IgA⁺和IgG⁺浆细胞主要分布在附睾管和输精管的上皮和间质；另外，CD68和CD3 mRNA和蛋白水平在各年龄组牦牛附睾头和附睾体显著高于附睾尾和输精管(P < 0.05)，而CD79α、IgA和IgG mRNA和蛋白水平在附睾尾和输精管显著高于附睾头和附睾体(P < 0.05)；此外，在成年牦牛附睾和输精管CD3、CD79α、IgA、IgG、CD68 mRNA和蛋白水平均显著高于幼龄牦牛(P < 0.05)。综上提示，牦牛附睾头可能主要是细胞免疫发生的位点，而附睾尾和输精管则主要进行体液免疫应答，此外，成年牦牛附睾和输精管的局部免疫可能更完善，以上数据为进一步研究高原牦牛局部生殖免疫和病理提供了形态学资料。

Distribution of Immune Cells in the Epididymis and Vas Deferens of Yaks (Bos grunniens)

This paper aimed to study the distribution characteristics of immune cells in the epididymis and vas deferens of healthy yaks. The location of CD68⁺ macrophages, CD3⁺ T lymphocytes, CD79α⁺ B lymphocytes, IgA⁺ and IgG⁺ plasmocytes, and the expression of surface markers of immune cells in the epididymis (head, body and tail) and vas deferens of juvenile (5-6 months old) and adult (3-4 years old) yaks were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative (qRT-PCR). The results showed that CD68⁺ macrophages, CD3⁺ T lymphocytes, CD79α⁺ B lymphocytes, IgA⁺ and IgG⁺ plasmocytes were mainly distributed in the epithelium and interstitium of the epididymis and vas deferens. Additionally the CD68 and CD3 mRNA and protein level in the caput and corpus of yaks were significantly higher than that of the cauda and vas deferens (P < 0.05), while in the cauda and vas deferens CD79α, IgA and IgG mRNA and protein level were significantly higher than those of the caput and corpus epididymis (P < 0.05). Moreover the CD68, CD3, CD79α, IgA and IgG mRNA and protein level in the epididymis and vas deferens of the adult yaks were significantly higher than those of the juvenile yaks (P < 0.05). The above results suggest that the caput may be the main site of cellular immunity, while the caudal epididymis and vas deferens are the main area of humoral immune response. Moreover the local immunity of the epididymis and vas deferens of the yak may mature and expand to a fully functional state in adult yaks. The above data would provide morphological data for further research on local reproductive immunoregulation and pathology in plateau yaks.