光照节律对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质和动物福利的影响

旨在研究光照节律对肉兔生长性能、肉品质、血清生化指标和行为的影响。选取135只35日龄断奶伊拉公兔，随机分为3个处理，每个处理15个重复，每个重复3只肉兔，设置12 h光暗循环(12L∶12D)、24 h光照(24L)和24 h黑暗(24D)的3种光照节律，光照强度为100 lx，预试期为7 d，试验期为35 d。结果表明，与12L∶12D组相比，24D组肉兔21~35 d的平均日采食量(ADFI)、饲料转化率(FCR)、半净膛率、背最长肌pH和熟肉率显著提高(P<0.05)，血糖浓度显著降低(P<0.05)，其中FCR和半净膛率在各个处理组中最高(P<0.01)。24L组的皮指数显著低于12L∶12D和24D组(P<0.01)，而白蛋白(ALB)和肌肉失水率显著高于于12L∶12D和24D组(P<0.01)。各个处理组间肌肉肉色以及肌肉常规营养指标没有显著差异(P>0.05)。24D组的肉兔坐的行为持续时间最少(P<0.01)，啃咬行为频率较低(P<0.05)，运动、直立、站立行为频率最高(P<0.05)。结果显示，长时间黑暗环境可以提高肉兔的生长性能，降低血糖浓度。同时，肉兔在长期的黑暗中表现出更多的社会性、较少的恐惧和焦虑，显示出良好的动物福利。

Effect of Lighting Rhythm on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes,Meat Quality and Welfare of Rabbits

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lighting rhythm on the growth performance, blood metabolites, meat quality and behavior of rabbits. One hundred and thirty five 35-day-old weaned male Hyla rabbits were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 15 replicates and 3 rabbits in each under the lighting photoperiods of 12 h light:12 h darkness (12L:12D), 24 h light (24L), and 24 h darkness (24D), respectively. The light intensity was 100 lx. The experimental period lasted for 35 days after 7 days of pre-trail. The results showed that compared with 12L:12D group, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion rate (FCR) at 21-35 d, carcass yield, pH and cooked meat rate of longissimus lumborum in 24D group increased significantly (P<0.05), and the blood glucose concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05). The FCR and carcass yield of 24D group were the highest in all treatment groups (P<0.01). The leather index of 24L group was significantly lower than that of 12L:12D and 24D groups (P<0.01), while the albumin (ALB) and meat water loss rate were significantly higher than that of 12L:12D and 24D groups (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in meat color or conventional nutritive indexs among treatment groups (P>0.05). The duration of sitting behavior of the 24D group was the least (P<0.01), the frequency of gnawing behavior was lower than other groups(P<0.05), and the frequency of hyperactivity, rearing and standing behavior were the highest in all groups (P<0.05). The results showed that long-term dark environment could improve the growth performance and reduce the blood glucose concentration of rabbits. At the same time, rabbits showed more sociality, less fear and anxiety in the long-term darkness, having good welfare.