非洲猪瘟病毒免疫逃逸分子机制研究进展

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)感染猪引起的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性传染病,至今没有研发出安全有效的疫苗,一旦暴发会造成重大经济损失。ASFV在和宿主长期作用过程中,通过抑制干扰素和炎症反应,调节凋亡、自噬及细胞免疫等多种途径逃逸机体免疫反应促进自身复制,但具体的机制仍不完全清楚。ASFV复杂的免疫逃逸机制可能是阻碍有效疫苗研发的关键因素之一。借助生物信息学技术对ASFV的基因组和蛋白质组深入分析,筛选病毒的免疫调控关键基因和保护性抗原表位,将在ASFV免疫逃逸分子机制的研究与疫苗研发中发挥重要作用。本文主要对ASFV感染引起的免疫应答反应及可能的免疫逃逸机制研究进行概述,以期为ASF疫苗研制及综合防控提供思路。

Advances in the Molecular Mechanism of Immune Escape of African Swine Fever Virus

African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection causes an acute, intense, and highly contagious disease known as African swine fever (ASF). ASF outbreaks cause significant economic losses since there is no safe and effective vaccine has been developed. During the long-term interaction with the host, ASFV evolves various routes, such as inhibition of interferon and inflammation responses, regulation of apoptosis, autophagy and cellular immunity, to escape host immune surveillance to promote its replication, but the specific mechanism is still not completely clear. The complex immune escape mechanisms of ASFV may be the key factors that impede the development of effective ASF vaccine. Bioinformatics method can be used to analyze the genome and proteome of ASFV to Screen the key genes for immune regulation and protective antigen epitopes of the virus, which will be helpful for the study of molecular mechanism of ASFV immune escape and ASF vaccine development. In this review, research progresses on ASFV infection induced immune responses and the potential immune escape mechanisms of ASFV are summarized, which provides ideas for ASF vaccine development and comprehensive prevention and control of the disease.