山羊环境适应性的研究进展

山羊作为重要家畜之一，不仅能够为人类提供奶、肉、毛绒等丰富的物质生活资料，而且能够生存于炎热、寒冷、干旱等极端环境条件下，表现出良好的环境适应能力。但其环境适应性的分子机制解析一直尚未完善。随着测序技术的发展和景观基因组学的兴起，许多研究展开了遗传环境关联分析的工作，挖掘到一系列环境适应性相关的候选基因，为解析山羊的环境适应性遗传机制提供了重要依据。本文从景观基因组学的角度介绍了遗传环境关联分析的几类常用方法，包括分类检验、logistic回归、一般线性模型和混合效应模型。并针对山羊环境适应性研究的现状，从高海拔适应性、热适应性、冷适应性、干旱适应性和综合气候适应性5个角度，对近年来的研究进展进行了概述。最后，本文指出了山羊环境适应性研究中存在的问题，并对未来的研究趋势进行展望，以期为山羊遗传资源的挖掘、保护和利用工作提供理论基础。

Research Progress of Environmental Adaptability in Goats

As one of the important livestock, the goat not only provide abundant materials for human beings, such as milk, meat and wool, but also have good adaptability to live in extreme environment such as heat, cold and drought areas. However, the molecular mechanism of environmental adaptability has not been fully explained in goats. With the development of sequencing technology and the rise of landscape genomics, genetic environment association analysis has been carried out in many studies, and a series of candidate genes related to environmental adaptability have been reported, which provided an important basis for analyzing the genetic mechanism of environmental adaptability in goats. This review introduces the methods of genetic environment association analysis from the perspective of landscape genomics, including classification test, logistic regression, general linear model and mixed-effect model. In view of the current situation of environmental adaptability in goats, the research progress in recent years was summarized from 5 aspects:high altitude adaptability, heat adaptability, cold adaptability, drought adaptability and comprehensive climate adaptability. Finally, this paper pointed out the existing problems in the study of environmental adaptability in goats, and prospected the future research trends, in order to provide a theoretical basis for collecting, protecting and utilizing the goat genetic resources.