小麦品种黄色素含量和多酚氧化酶活性基因的分子标记检测

为了改良小麦加工品质、提高小麦育种效率，利用位于7AL和7BL染色体上与黄色素含量相关的八氢番茄红素合酶（Phytoene synthase，PSY）基因PsyA1的标记YP7A、YP7A2，基因PsyB1的标记YP7B1、YP7B2、YP7B3、YP7B4，以及位于2AL染色体上的多酚氧化酶（Polyphenol oxidase，PPO）活性基因PpoA1 的标记PPO18，对221份冬小麦品种（系）进行黄色素含量和多酚氧化酶活性基因的等位变异检测。结果表明: (1) 在所检测的小麦品种（系）中，含低黄色素含量等位基因PsyA1b的材料78份，频率为35.3%；含低黄色素含量等位基因PsyB1b 的材料117份，频率为52.9%；含高黄色素含量等位基因PsyB1c的材料31份，频率为14.0%；含PsyB1d等位基因的材料4份，频率为1.8%；未发现携带PsyB1e的材料。（2）含低PPO活性等位基因PpoA1b的材料119份，频率为53.8%。(3) 在221份材料中，黄色素含量和多酚氧化酶活性基因型皆符合中国面条和馒头加工品质要求的品种仅25份，聚合多个优良基因的小麦品质改良工作急需加强。本实验使用的标记均为基因特异性功能标记，重复性好，准确率高，可有效地应用于小麦品质改良的分子标记辅助选择。

Identification of Genes for Yellow Pigment Content and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Common Wheat Using Molecular Markers

Allelic variations of phytoene synthase (PSY) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes can be accurately characterized by functional markers in wheat. In the present study, we used the functional markers YP7A, YP7A 2, YP7B 1, YP7B 2, YP7B 3, YP7B 4, for Psy A1 and Psy B1 on chromosomes 7AL and 7BL, respectively, related to yellow pigment content, as well as the marker PPO18 for Ppo A1 on chromosome 2AL determining PPO activity, to test 221 winter wheat varieties. The results showed that: (1) 78 varieties had the allele Psy A1b for lower yellow pigment content, with a frequency 35.3%; 117 varieties contained Psy B1b for lower yellow pigment content, with a frequency of 52.9%;31 varieties possessed Psy B1c for higher yellow pigment content, with a frequency of 14.0%; 4 varieties had Psy B1d, with a frequency of 1.8%; and no Psy B1e allele was detected; (2) 119 varieties had the allele Ppo A1b related to lower PPO activity, with a frequency of 53.8%; (3) only 25 varieties contained desired alleles for PSY and PPO genes mentioned above, thus it is essential to combine the desired alleles in a variety targeting for the improvement of processing quality of Chinese noodles and steam bread. The markers used in this study are allele specific, showing good repeatability and high accuracy, and they can be efficiently applied in molecular marker assisted breeding for wheat quality improvement.