基于模糊综合评判法的温室黄瓜种植最优化施肥模式评判

为定量地综合评价不同施肥模式下温室黄瓜种植的效益,建立了包括社会、经济和生态环境3个方面共9项指标的多因素二级评价指标体系。本研究采用模糊评判的方法,定量评判6种施肥模式（不施肥、常规化肥、等养分专用肥、等养分有机肥、等养分专用肥减量20%、等养分专用肥减量40%）下温室黄瓜种植的社会效益、经济效益以及生态环境效益,以期为受试地区温室黄瓜种植找到最优化的施肥模式。结果表明：仅考虑社会效益时,不施肥模式的社会效益最好,常规化肥施肥模式的社会效益最差;仅考虑经济效益时,不施肥模式的经济效益最差,而等养分专用肥减量20%模式和等养分专用肥模式的经济效益都较好;仅考虑生态环境效益时,不施肥模式和等养分专用肥减量40%模式的生态环境效益均较好,而常规化肥模式不具有好的生态环境效益;而考虑综合效益时,等养分专用肥减量20%模式的综合效益最好,6种施肥模式中综合效益最差的是常规施肥模式。因此,应在受试地区大力推广等养分专用肥减量20%施肥模式,减少常规化肥的施用,以期获得较好的社会效益、经济效益与生态环境效益。

Optimal Fertilization Mode of Greenhouse Cucumber Plantingbased on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

Based on the problems caused by the irrational fertilization,the effects of 6 modes of fertilizer application（none fertilization,chemical fertilizers,special fertilizers,organic manure,special fertilizers minus 20%,special fertilizers minus 40%）on the greenhouse cucumber were studied.The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to get the best social,economic and ecological benefits.The results obtained were as follows：none fertilization mode got the best social benefits,special fertilizers mode and special fertilizers minus 20% mode got better economic benefit than others,while none fertilization mode and special fertilizers minus 40% mode got better ecological benefit than other modes.In addition,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that the best mode of the fertilization was special fertilizers minus 20% mode,and the worst mode was chemical fertilizers.Therefore,the promotions should be made to practice the special fertilizers minus 20% mode of fertilization in the region in order to obtain better social,economic and environmental benefits to local farmers.