规模化养猪场处理废水对水稻产量形成和稻米品质的影响

利用田间小区试验,以镇稻99和养猪场无害化处理的粪水为供试材料,研究了养猪场处理粪水替代化学氮肥模式对水稻产量及构成因子和稻米主要品质性状的影响。结果表明：各生育期干物质积累与产量间呈二次曲线关系且极显著正相关;养猪场粪水替代常规施氮量的40%、70%和100%均可实现常规施肥的产量,其中施用189m.3hm-2粪水替代常规施氮量70%氮化肥处理的产量最高（615.20kg.666.7m-2）,较空白对照和常规化肥处理分别提高28.38%～49.13%和3.1%～6.6%。在籽粒品质方面,与常规施氮处理相比,施用猪粪水替代氮化肥可以提高稻米籽粒的糙米率、精米率、整精米率和蛋白质含量,同时直链淀粉含量下降。其中,糙米率和整精米率均以40%H处理最高,与常规施肥相比均提高了5.9%;籽粒蛋白质含量在替代比例为40%和70%时,随着粪水施用量的减少而降低,在100%替代氮肥时,中量粪水处理的蛋白质含量最高;籽粒直链淀粉含量在各替代比例下均表现出随着粪水施用量的减少而增加。在本试验条件下,综合考虑产量、经济效益和环境效益的适宜猪粪水替代氮化肥施用模式为70%M处理。

Effects of Pig Slurry Form Large-scale Pig Farm on Rice Yield Formation and Quality

With the rapid development of China＇s large-scale pig farms,increasing pig slurry is causing serious environmental pollution that in turn threatens the sustainable development of large-scale pig farming.The utilization of pig slurry,a kind source of nutrients,combined by pig farming with cropping is one of the best solutions to this problem.This study was conducted to determine the effects of different substitute proportion and application rate of pig slurry on both grain yield and quality of paddy rice.The pig slurry used in the experiment contained 1000 mg.L-1 of total nitrogen,540 mg.L-1 of available nitrogen and 779 mg.L-1 available phosphorus.Eleven treatments of the field experiment were designed as follows,CK1（No N）,CK2（all nitrogen in chemical fertilizer）,40%L（40% pig slurry＋60% N,L denotes low amount pig slurry,84 m3.hm-2）,40%M（40% pig slurry＋60% N,M denotes middle amount pig slurry,108 m3.hm-2）,40%H（40% pig slurry＋60% N,H denotes high amount pig slurry 132 m.3hm-2）,70% L（70% pig slurry＋30%N,L denotes low amount pig slurry,147 m3.hm-2）,70% M（70% pig slurry＋30% N,M denotes middle amount pig slurry,189 m3.hm-2）,70%H（70% pig slurry＋30% N,H denotes high amount pig slurry 198 m3.hm-2）,100% L（100% pig slurry＋0% N,L denotes low amount pig slurry,210 m3.hm-2）,100% M（100% pig slurry＋0% N,M denotes middle amount pig slurry,270 m3.hm-2）and 100% H（100% pig slurry＋0% N,H denotes high amount pig slurry,330 m3.hm-2）.The results showed that：There were a quadratic regression equation and significant positive correlation between dry matter accumulation and grain in each growing period.Application of pig slurry enhanced rice grain yield and the highest yield was obtained at the rate of 615.20 kg.666.7 m-2 with 70%M treatment,28.38% to 49.13% higher than the control of block and 3.1% to 6.6% higher than the control of conventional N application rate.Compared with CK2,application of pig slurry could also enhance brown rice,milled rice,head milled rice and the protein contentand decrease amylose content of rice grains.Among them,the highest brown rice rate and milled rice rate was obtained with 40%H,5.9% higher than the control of conventional N treatment.When the substitute proportion reached 40% and 70%,the protein content decreased with decreasing of pig slurry＇ s amount.While when the substitute proportion reached 100%,the protein content was obtained at middle amount of pig slurry.The rice grain amylase content increased with decreasing of pig slurry＇s amount with each substitute proportion.Compared to convention N treatment,RVA of each pig slurry substitution treatment had no significant difference.Based on yield,income and environment,the proper mode of pig slurry substitute proportion was 70%M under this experimental condition.