雷公藤生物碱制品对非靶标生物的毒性研究

安全性评价是新农药开发及应用的重要基础。参照国家环保总局和农业部农药检定所制定的《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》，测定了95%雷公藤总生物碱、1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂、雷公藤乙醇浸膏和助剂系统对生态环境中非靶标生物的毒性。结果表明：95%雷公藤总生物碱对鹌鹑为高毒，对蜜蜂、家蚕为中毒，对鲤鱼、蚯蚓、蝌蚪均为低毒；1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂对蝌蚪为高毒，对鹌鹑和家蚕为中毒，对鲤鱼、蜜蜂和蚯蚓均为低毒；雷公藤乙醇浸膏对鹌鹑为中毒，对蜜蜂、家蚕、鲤鱼、蚯蚓和蝌蚪均为低毒；助剂系统对供试生物均为低毒。由此可见，雷公藤生物碱制品对环境生物较为安全，但在桑园和水田附近慎用，并应注意对鸟类的保护。

Toxicity of Alkaloid-based Products from Tripterygium wilfordii on Non-target Organisms

Safety assessment is critically necessary for the development and application of new pesticides. Following the Experimental Guideline for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticide, we evaluated the toxicity of 95% total alkaloid, 1.0% alkaloid ME, ethanol extract from Triperygiy wilfordii and the adjuvant on non-target organisms including quail（Coturnix chinensis ）, bee（Ap/s mellifera L： ）, silk- worm （Bombyx mori ）, fish （ Cyp rinus carpio ）, tadpole （Rana limnocharis ） and earthworm （ Eis e niafoelide ）. The results indicated that the toxi- city of 95% total alkaloid is low on fish, earthworm and tadpole, moderate on bee and silkworm, and high on quail. The toxicity of 1.0% T. wil- fordii alkaloid ME is high on tadpole, moderately toxic on quail and silkworm, and low toxic on others. The toxicity of extract from T. wilfordii is low on bee, silkworm, fish, earthworm and tadpole. And is moderately toxic on quail. The toxicity of adjuvant is low on all non-target organ- isms tested. We conclude that the alkaloid-based products from T. wilfordii are generally safe to non-target animals; however, they should be applied cautiously in rice paddies and mulberry orchards.