环境材料对铅、镉、砷胁迫下玉米种子萌发的影响

环境材料的应用是缓解重金属污染对植物种子萌发抑制作用的重要途径之一,采用水培试验方法,在含有重金属铅（100mg·L-1）、镉（30mg·L-1）、砷（10mg·L-1）的培养液中添加环境材料（高分子保水材料、煤基营养物质和吸附性矿物材料）,探讨不同环境材料及其组合对玉米种子萌发的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,各环境材料处理对重金属抑制玉米种子萌发均有不同程度缓解作用,且对根的伸长缓解效果较芽明显。高分子保水材料及其组合对缓解铅、镉、砷毒性作用明显;高分子保水材料、煤基营养物质和吸附性矿物材料组合对重金属毒害作物的缓解效果最大：该复合材料处理可使铅对玉米种子发芽率抑制率为零,芽长较对照减小64%;可使镉对玉米种子发芽率抑制率仅5%,而芽长较对照增加65%;可使砷对玉米种子发芽率增加26%,芽长较对照增加12%。

Effect of Environmental Materials on Germination of Maize Seed Under Stress of Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic

Environmental materials were often applied in relieving stress on plants seed germination caused by heavy metal pollution. In this research, maize seed germination tests were conducted in nutrient solutions with lead of 100 mg. L-1, cadmium of 30 mg. L-1 or arsenic of 10 mg L-1 respectively, and the effects of the environmental materials： Polymer water-retaining material, coal-based nutrients, adsorption mineral material and their compounds on maize seed germination under heavy metal stress were studied. The results showed that all the three environmental materials could relieve the heavy metal stress on maize seed germination and the effect on root elongation was more significant than that on sprout. Polymer water-retaining materials and their combination could relieve heavy metal stress obviously. The combination of polymer water-retaining material, coal-based nutrients and adsorption mineral material ranked first in relieving heavy metal stress. The inhi- bition rate of maize seed was 5% and the sprout length increased 65% under cadmium tress compared with the treatment of no environmental materials（CK2 ）. The inhibition rate of maize seed was zero and the sprout length decreased 64% under lead tress compared with C K2. Comparing with CK2 the germination percentage and the sprout length increased 26% and12%, respectively.