微生物介导的氮循环过程研究进展

氮素是控制大多数陆地生态系统中植物生长和初级生产的关键限制性营养元素，氮循环是生态系统元素循环的核心之一，随着生物地球化学循环研究方法与分子生态学技术的广泛应用，极大的推进了对氮循环的研究，使得对氮循环的机制和过程有了重新的认识。本文从氮循环的4个关键环节（固氮作用、硝化作用、反硝化作用、厌氧氨氧化及硝酸盐异化还原成铵作用）入手，介绍了每个过程的研究进展，同时，展望了未来氮循环的研究方向，以期为氮循环关键过程的了解和氮素的管理与调控提供理论依据。

Advances in Microbial-mediated Nitrogen Cycling

Nitrogen is the key restrict nutrient that controls plant growth and primary production in most terrestrial ecosystems, and nitrogen cycling is one of the cores in the ecosystem element cycles. With wide use of the research methods of biogeochemical cycle and molecular ecology technology, the study of nitrogen cycle is greatly promoted, and the mechanism and process of nitrogen cycle have a new understanding. This paper started with four key aspects of nitrogen cycle (Nitrogen fixation, Nitrification, Denitrification, Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation and Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium), introduced the research progress of each process, and meanwhile outlooked the future research direction of nitrogen cycle so as to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the key processes of nitrogen cycle and the management and regulation of nitrogen.