基于生态服务价值的三江源生态工程成本效益分析

为评价三江源生态保护和建设工程的经济效益，本研究通过核算2004年和2012年三江源区生态系统水源涵养、土壤保持、防风固沙、固碳释氧、净化大气环境、牧草供给和水供给等主要服务物质量和价值量，在采用模型模拟变量控制法厘定生态工程与气候因子对生态成效贡献率的基础上，开展了三江源生态保护和建设工程的成本效益分析。结果表明：2004-2012年间，三江源区总生态系统服务价值增加2 372.23亿元。其中自然保护区内单位面积生态系统服务价值的增加比例高于非自然保护区；生态工程的实施对防风固沙服务的影响最大，其次为土壤保持服务；三江源生态保护和建设工程的生态效益显著，使生态系统服务价值增加1 035.32亿元，占增加总量的43.64%，其投入产出比为1：13.73，净经济效益为959.92亿元。虽然三江源生态保护和建设工程一期项目的实施使得生态系统退化趋势得到初步遏制，并逐渐向良性方向发展，但生态系统全面恢复仍需一定时间。

Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Ecological Protects in the Three-River Headwaters Region Based on Ecosystem Services Values

Since the implementation of ecological protection and restoration project in the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR), the degradation trend of ecological condition has been restrained preliminarily and local area has been improved. Based on the measurement of contribution rates of ecological projects and climate change on the values changes of major ecosystem services, including water regulation, soil conservation, sand-fixing, carbon fixation and oxygen release, air purification, water supply and herbage supply, this study carried out a cost-benefit analysis on the ecological protects in the TRHR. The results were as below: From 2004 to 2012, the ecosystem services value in the TRHR increased by 237.22 billion yuan, and it increased more obviously inside the natural reservation areas than outside areas. The sand-fixing service was most obviously affected by the implementation of the projects, followed by soil conservation service. The economic benefits of the ecological protection was 103.53 billion yuan, which was 43.64 percent of the increasing ecosystem services values, the benefit-cost ratio was 1:13.73, and the net economic benefits was 95.99 billion yuan. The first-stage project in the TRHR has been promising and effective in general, however, a continued and long-term effort still will be needed for full recovery of the ecosystem in this region.