基于空间异质性的秦岭水源涵养能力评价指标体系构建

秦岭作为我国的南北分界线,构建一套完整的评价监测指标体系和深入剖析其内在驱动因素,关注其内在机理是为推动秦岭生态环境保护再上一个新台阶的必要工作,也是为了全面掌握反映水源涵养功能的驱动机制及变化规律。研究提出了基于地理加权主成分分析(GWPCA)方法构建秦岭水源涵养能力评价指标体系,对2010年秦岭水源涵养能力一级指标和二级指标空间动态变化进行了分析,揭示其空间变化分布机理。基于GWPCA,考虑气象因子、下垫面因子和社会因子的水源涵养效应,构建了包含10个空间变量的秦岭水源涵养能力指标体系。根据得出的结果将秦岭水源涵养能力等级划分为低、较低、中等、较高、高5个等级,揭示秦岭水源涵养能力空间变化规律,并以此提出生态管理建议。结果表明,秦岭大部分地区水源涵养能力在高等级和较高等级上,占整个区域的66.48％;部分经济发展区域和秦岭中部区域的水源涵养能力处于低与较低等级,极端气候事件和人类活动是造成其分布的主要原因。基于此方法构建的秦岭水源涵养能力指标体系,能够有效量化秦岭的水源涵养能力及其在空间上的异质性,并能明确主要驱动因子。

Construction of Water Conservation Capacity Evaluation Index System Based on Spatial Heterogeneity in Qinling Mountains

As the dividing line between the north and the south of China, it is necessary for the Qinling Mountains to construct a complete set of evaluation and monitoring index system. Its internal driving factors and internal mechanism should be studied to promote the ecological environment protection at a new level, and also to fully grasp the driving mechanism and changes of the water conservation function. In this study, an evaluation index system of water conservation capacity in the Qinling Mountains was proposed based on geoweighted principal component analysis (GWPCA). The spatial dynamic changes of primary and secondary indicators of water conservation capacity in the Qinling Mountains in 2010 were analyzed, and their spatial distribution mechanism were revealed. Based on GWPCA, considering the water conservation effects of meteorological factors, underlying surface factors and social factors, an index system of water conservation capacity in Qinling Mountains containing 10 spatial variables was constructed. According to the results, the water conservation capacity of the Qinling Mountains could be divided into five grades: low, lower, medium, high and higher. The spatial variation rules of water conservation capacity of the Qinling Mountains were revealed, and some suggestions for ecological management were put forward. The results showed that the water conservation capacity in most areas of Qinling Mountains was at high and higher levels, accounting for 66.48% of the whole region. The water conservation capacity in some economic development regions and the central region of Qinling Mountains is at low and low levels. Extreme climate events and human activities were the main reasons for its distribution. The index system of water conservation capacity in Qinling based on this method could effectively quantify the water conservation capacity in Qinling and its spatial heterogeneity, and could clarify the main driving factors.