畜牧业中的甲烷排放及其减排调控技术

畜禽养殖规模的扩大使家畜胃肠道和粪尿的甲烷排放增加, 加剧了温室效应.本文通过分析中国畜牧业的现状、发展趋势及其对甲烷排放的影响以及甲烷的生成过程、产甲烷菌的结构特征和多样性, 提出减少胃肠道和粪尿甲烷排放的3种有效途径:一是改善日粮品质和结构以及培育高生产性能品种, 从而提高畜群生产力, 减少单位畜产品甲烷产量;二是通过调控瘤胃微生物区系, 抑制产甲烷菌的生长, 阻断甲烷生成途径, 降低个体甲烷产量;三是提出处理家畜粪尿的能源环保型和生态环保型管理模式, 以实现资源的充分利用, 减少甲烷排放.

Methane emission and abatement strategy in animal husbandry

Animal husbandry significantly contributes to anthropogenic emissions of methane. In this paper, we analyzed current situation and development trend of livestock industry in China and its effect on methane emission, methane formation and structural characteristics, as well as methanogen diversity. Effective mitigation can be achieved via. 1) diet and breed improvement which enhances herd productivity and reduces per livestock methane emission; 2) regulation of per livestock rumen microbial flora and reduction of methanogen and methane emission; 3) use of models of manure disposal that abate methane emission into the atmosphere.