云南曲靖和蒙自万寿菊主栽区有害生物调查与分析

近年来, 我国万寿菊单一种植规模不断扩大, 有害生物的发生越发严重, 影响万寿菊产量与品质, 造成较大的经济损失。关于万寿菊有害生物调查, 前人报道多集中于吉林、海南、黑龙江、贵州、甘肃、山西等地, 对云南万寿菊主产区的有害生物缺乏系统调查。因此, 本次研究在全国最大的万寿菊种植区和近两年来万寿菊叶黄素含量最高的种植区, 即曲靖市沾益区和蒙自市冷泉镇进行有害生物系统调查, 发现曲靖地区万寿菊主要病害有褐斑病和枯萎病; 主要害虫包括美洲斑潜蝇、斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫等10种; 主要杂草有粗毛牛膝菊、鬼针草、马唐、千针苋等19种。蒙自地区万寿菊主要病害有褐斑病和炭疽病; 主要害虫包括美洲斑潜蝇、四斑长跗萤叶甲、棉铃虫等9种; 主要杂草有粗毛牛膝菊、马唐、尼泊尔蓼、细柄野荞麦等13种。

Investigation and analysis of pests in the main marigold planting areas of Qujing and Mengzi in Yunnan

In recent years, the scale of single cultivation of marigolds in China has been expanding, and the occurrence of pests has become more and more serious, seriously affecting the yield and quality of marigold, and has caused serious economic losses. Regarding the investigation of marigold pests, previous reports were mostly concentrated in Jilin, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Guizhou, Gansu, Shanxi and other places, and there was a lack of systematic investigation of pests in the main production areas of marigold in Yunnan. Therefore, this study conducted pest system investigation in the largest marigold planting area in China and the marigold planting area with the highest lutein content in the past two years, namely Zhanyi district of Qujing city and Lengquan town of Mengzi city. It was found that the main diseases of marigold in Qujing area were brown spot disease and wilt disease. The main insects included 10 species, such as Liriomyza sativae, Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera. The main weeds included 19 species, such as Galinsoga quadriradiata, Bidens pilosa, Digitaria sanguinalis and Acroglochin persicarioides. The main diseases of marigold in Mengzi area are brown spot and anthracnose. The main insects included nine species, such as L.sativae, Monolepta signata and H.armigera. The main weeds included 13 species, such as G.quadriradiata, D.sanguinalis, Polygonum nepalense and Fagopyrum gracilipes.