云南省生态环境质量与生态修复区识别

[目的] 分析云南省生态环境时空变化，识别生态修复优先序，为该省低碳的可持续发展提供科学依据。 [方法] 基于遥感生态指数(RSEI)研究生态环境质量时空变化及空间相关性，与区域生态系统碳储量及生态保护红线结合识别云南省生态修复优先序。 [结果] ①22 a间云南省RSEI均值呈S形变化趋势，分别以2005年和2011年作为上升和下降的拐点。 ②2000—2022年空间上生态环境质量均表现为“西高东低”的态势，西部地区生态环境质量较好，而中部城市群及东部喀斯特地区生态环境质量较差。 ③2000—2005年受退耕还林政策的影响生态环境质量变好。2005—2011年则因旱灾和建设用地的剧烈扩张导致生态环境质量大幅下降。2011—2016年是旱灾后恢复时段，除中部城市化快速发展地区外，其他地区生态环境质量在逐渐恢复。2016—2022年受国家政策的影响，生态环境质量进一步变好。 ④云南省生态环境质量在空间上表现出明显的空间全局与局部自相关。 ⑤2000—2022年云南省碳储量呈先增加后减少的趋势，22 a间总碳储量减少2.38×10⁷ t，在空间上总体表现为“南北高，中间低”的地带性分布特征。 ⑥云南省生态修复极优先区主要分布在北部及东部地区，约占总面积的18.08%，生态修复优先区及中等优先区则分布较为广泛，约占总面积的70.17%。生态修复一般优先区主要位于普洱市等地，约占总面积的11.76%。 [结论] 云南省2000—2022年生态环境质量在时空上均呈现一定规律，在此基础上进行生态修复区划分，因地制宜地治理生态环境，推进云南省生态及低碳的可持续发展。

Ecological Environmental Quality and Identification of Ecological Restoration Areas in Yunnan Province

[Objective] The temporal and spatial changes of ecological environment quality in Yunnan Province were analyzed, and ecological restoration priorities were identified to provide scientific basis for the low-carbon sustainable development of the province. [Methods] The spatio-temporal change and spatial correlation of eco-environmental quality in Yunnan Province were determined based on remote sensing environmental indicators (RSEI), and the priority of ecological restoration in Yunnan Province was identified by combining these results with regional ecosystem carbon reserves and an ecological protection red line. [Results] ① The average value of RSEI in Yunnan Province showed an S-shaped trend over the past 22 years, with 2005 and 2011 being the inflection points of increasing and decreasing RSEI, respectively. ② From 2000 to 2022, the spatial eco-environmental quality was characterized as “high in the west and low in the east”. The ecological environmental quality in the western region was good, while the ecological environmental quality in the central urban agglomeration and the eastern karst region was poor. ③ From 2000 to 2005, the ecological environmental quality became better under the influence of the policy of returning farmland to forests. From 2005 to 2011, the ecological environmental quality decreased significantly due to drought and the drastic expansion of construction land. 2011—2016 was a period of recovery after drought. Except for the areas with rapid urbanization in Central China, the ecological environmental quality in other areas gradually recovered. Due to the influence of national policies from 2016 to 2022, the ecological environmental quality was further improved. ④ The ecological environmental quality of Yunnan Province showed obvious spatial global and local autocorrelation; ⑤ The carbon reserves of Yunnan Province initially increased and then decreased from 2000 to 2022, and the total carbon reserves decreased by 2.38×10⁷ t in 22 years. Carbon reserves showed a zonal distribution characterized as “high in the north and south, and low in the central region”. ⑥ The high priority areas for ecological restoration in Yunnan Province were mainly located in the north and east, accounting for about 18.08% of the total area, while the priority and the medium priority areas for ecological restoration were more widely distributed, accounting for about 70.17% of the total area. The general priority areas for ecological restoration were mainly located in Pu’er City and other places, accounting for about 11.76% of the total area. [Conclusion] The ecological environmental quality of Yunnan Province exhibited distinct patterns in time and space from 2000 to 2022. Based on these results, the ecological restoration area should be divided, and the ecological environment should be controlled according to local conditions in order to promote ecological and sustainable low-carbon development in Yunnan Province.