2013—2020年内蒙古锡林郭勒草地资源承载力变化

[目的] 草地承载能力的高低影响草地利用的可持续性和草地生态系统的安全性。内蒙古锡林郭勒盟作为北方重要生态屏障，研究其草地资源承载能力变化，为区域草地生态安全与可持续利用、生态文明建设提供科学依据。 [方法] 利用2013，2015，2018和2020年土地利用及其他相关数据，基于三维生态足迹模型、生态赤字(ED)/盈余(ER)和生态压力指数等方法与指标，分析评价内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草地资源承载力状况。 [结果] ①2013—2020年锡林郭勒盟草地资源生态足迹持续高于生态承载力，总生态足迹与总生态承载力呈现先增后减趋势，7 a内分别下降了2.76%和7.35%；人均生态足迹与人均承载力7 a间变化率分别为-9.62%，-13.19%；生态足迹在空间上呈现出由东向西递减的变化规律，生态承载力东部及北部高于西部及南部； ②草地资源生态足迹深度先上升后下降，总体上升4.95%，均大于1，草地生态系统持续处于生态赤字状态，草地生态系统呈现出不可持续性； ③4个时期ER/ED均小于0，生态压力指数均大于1，草地生态承载状况多年连续超载，生态安全稳定性持续降低。 [结论] 锡林郭勒盟所处的干旱半干旱地理位置及其资源禀赋，叠加高强度的人类经济社会活动，导致全盟草地生态承载力降低，生态处于极不安全状态。

Changes in Carrying Capacity of Grassland in Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia from 2013 to 2020

[Objective] The level of grassland carrying capacity affects the sustainability of grassland utilization and the security of grassland ecosystems. The carrying capacity of grassland resources in Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia (an important ecological barrier in the north) was analyed in order to provide a scientific basis for the regional ecological security and sustainable use of grassland and the construction of ecological civilization. [Methods] We analyzed and evaluated the status of grassland resource carrying capacity, ecological deficit (ED)/remainder (ER), and ecological pressure index of Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia based on a three-dimensional ecological footprint model. We used land use and other relevant data in 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020. [Results] ① The ecological footprint continued to be higher than the ecological carrying capacity. The total ecological footprint and total ecological carrying capacity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, decreasing by 2.76% and 7.35%, respectively, over 7 years. The change rates of per capita ecological footprint and per capita carrying capacity over 7 years were -9.62% and -13.19%, respectively. The ecological footprint decreased from east to west, and the ecological carrying capacity in the east and north was higher than that in the west and south. ② The ecological footprint depth first increased and then decreased, with an overall increase of 4.95%, which was greater than 1. The grassland ecosystem remained in an ecological deficit state for many years, indicating that the grassland ecosystem was unsustainable and unhealthy. ③ The results of ecological profit and loss and ecological pressure index reflecting the ecological security of grassland showed that ER/ED was less than 0 and the ecological pressure index was greater than 1 in the study area during the four periods of the study. The ecological carrying capacity of grassland has been continuously overloaded for many years, and the ecological security and stability have continued to decrease. [Conclusion] The arid and semi-arid geographic location of Xilingol League and its resource endowment, combined with high-intensity human economic and social activities, have led to a reduction in the ecological carrying capacity of the grasslands of Xilingol League, and the ecology of this area is in an extremely insecure state.