芽胞杆菌JZB30-1的鉴定及其对番茄灰霉病的生防作用

为获得对番茄灰霉病具有良好防效的生防芽胞杆菌, 采用对峙培养、双层平板以及生防相关特性检测等方法筛选高活性拮抗菌株, 根据形态学、生理生化特性及多基因测序进行菌株种类鉴定, 通过离体果实和盆栽试验明确供试菌株的防病促生效果。结果表明, 芽胞杆菌JZB30-1对番茄灰霉病菌等10余种植物病原真菌和细菌具有广谱抑菌活性; 该菌株具有合成蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肽类物质，分泌铁载体、生长激素及溶磷等特性, 经鉴定其为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 菌株JZB30-1无菌发酵滤液50倍液喷施处理, 对番茄果实灰霉病防效为95.0%, 发酵液10倍稀释液灌根, 番茄株高、鲜重分别较对照增加25.7%和28.4%。相关结果为利用解淀粉芽胞杆菌JZB30-1进行番茄灰霉病生物防治提供理论依据。

Identification of Bacillus strain JZB30-1 and its biological control effect on tomato grey mould

To obtain a Bacillus strain with significant control effect on tomato grey mould, antagonistic bacteria were screened by confrontation culture and two-layer plate methods, along with the detection of characteristics related to biocontrol. Its taxonomic status was identified based on morphological features, physiological-biochemical characteristics, and multiple gene sequences analyses. The disease-prevention and growth promotion effects of the obtained strain were evaluated by applying the fermentation filtrate of the strain to tomato fruits and potted tomato seedlings, respectively. The results showed that Bacillus strain JZB30-1 exhibited an obvious inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea, as well as broad-spectrum antifungal and antibacterial activities against more than ten plant pathogens. The strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which have features of synthesizing protease, cellulase and lipopeptide, secreting siderophore, indoleacetic acid and solubilizing phosphate. The 50-fold sterile fermention filtrate of JZB30-1 displayed an obvious biocontrol effect on tomato fruit grey mould, with a 95.0% reduction in disease incidence compared to the control. In addition, the plant height and fresh weight increased by 25.7% and 28.4%, respectively, after root-irrigation with a 10-fold dilution of the fermentation. The study provides a theoretical foundation for considering B. amyloliquefaciens strain JZB30-1 as a potential biocontrol strain against tomato grey mould.