Potato (Solanum spp.) in the hot tropics. VI. Plant population effects on soil temperature,plant development and tuber yield |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Research Center, ECUST, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China;3. Danish Polymer Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 227, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;1. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;2. Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;3. Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;4. Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, 10083, China;2. National Energy Tight Oil and Gas R&D Center, Beijing, 100083, China;3. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Reservoirs, PetroChina, Beijing, 10083, China |
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| Abstract: | Nine experiments were run at three hot tropical sites (5–12°S, 180–800 m) within Peru to quantify the influence of plant population on soil temperature and growth and yield of the potato.Radiation interception was greatest at the highest plant populations and soil cooling was directly proportional to the amount of crop cover over the soil, but no appreciable effect on the timing of tuber initiation was apparent. More stems per unit land area leading to a higher leaf area index (lai) were primarily responsible for greater interception of radiation at the higher plant populations, although some compensation in stem number per unit land area and in lai at lower populations was evident later in the season.In general, tuber yield increased linearly with increases in planted population over the range studied (2.7–12.5 plants m−2, and in one experiment to 31.7 plants m−2), and was proportional to increases in the amount of intercepted radiation. Tuber yields ranged from 8 to 60 t ha−1 over sites and populations. Vigorous clones with Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena in their genetic background constituted the exceptions to this linear trend, and for these clones yields declined at the highest populations, particularly when the rectangularity of planting vastly deviated from square patterns. Tuber yield of Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum and Neotuberosum (S. tuberosum spp. andigena selected for tuberization under long-day conditions) clones did not respond to variations in rectangularity of planting and, probably due to their small stature and early maturity, did not demonstrate signs of intense between-plant competition for tuber yield as measured with the Kira competition density index. In contrast, for clones with Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena in their genetic background, maximum tuber yield at populations greater than 5.5 plants m−2 was dependent on the rectangularity of planting, and declined as the latter deviated from squareness.Since the proportion of marketable tubers was scarcely affected by the planting densities, plant population of S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum clones planted in hot climates should be as close as possible without limiting the amount of soil available for hilling-up. |
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