大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧发生规律及4种杀虫剂的防治效果

兰溪杨梅是农业农村部农产品地理标志产品, 随着大棚设施的普及, 以柏牡蛎蚧为主的介壳虫呈日益加重趋势。本研究在浙江兰溪大棚杨梅主产区调查了大棚和露天杨梅柏牡蛎蚧的发生规律, 并开展了化学防治试验。结果表明, 大棚与露天杨梅柏牡蛎蚧一年发生2代, 种群数量动态呈现双峰型。大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧发生高峰期为3月中旬至下旬, 相比于露天柏牡蛎蚧早一个半月左右。不同乡镇和不同栽培方式条件下杨梅柏牡蛎蚧虫口发生量均有显著差异, 4个乡镇街道大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧平均每叶虫量是露天的5倍之多, 其中马涧镇杨梅受害最为严重。药效试验结果表明, 20%螺虫·呋虫胺悬浮剂(SC) 2 000倍液药后15 d和30 d平均药效分别为90.5%和94.4%, 防治效果最好, 20%螺虫·呋虫胺SC 2 500倍液及3 000倍液、95%矿物油乳油(EC) 50倍液和20%松脂酸钠可溶性粉剂(SP) 200倍液30 d药效均在85%上, 显著优于65%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂(WP) 2 500倍液。建议果农在杨梅柏牡蛎蚧卵孵化高峰期选择矿物油或松脂酸钠进行防治, 目前螺虫·呋虫胺还未在杨梅上登记, 待进一步测试并登记后, 可在实际生产上推广应用。

Occurrence of Lepidosaphes cupressi on red bayberry plants in greenhouse and control effect of four insecticides

Red bayberry in Lanxi is a geographical indication product of agricultural products of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. With the popularity of greenhouse, Lepidosaphes cupressi was as a major scale and its occurrence showed an increasing trend. Occurrence rules and control techniques of L. cupressi in greenhouses and open fields were studied by monitoring and investigation in main production areas of red bayberry in Lanxi, Zhejiang. Monitoring results show that L. cupressi had two generations a year in greenhouse and open fields, respectively, and the population had two peaks in the growth season. The peak period of L. cupressi in greenhouses was from middle March to late March, about one and a half months earlier than that in the open fields. Different towns and different cultivation methods had significant effects on the population of L. cupressi, the average number of L. cupressi per leaf in greenhouses in the four towns was five times that in open fields. Among them, the red bayberry in Majian town was the most seriously affected by L. cupressi. Pesticide experiments demonstrated that spirotetramat· dinotefuran 20% SC 2 000-fold dilution showed the best control efficacy of 90.5% and 94.4% 15 and 30 days after application, respectively, and the efficacy of spirotetramat · dinotefuran 20% SC 2 500-fold dilution, spirotetramat · dinotefuran 20% SC 3 000-fold dilution, mineral oil 95% EC 50-fold dilution, sodium pimaric acid 20% SP 200-fold dilution were more than 85% 30 days after application, significantly better than that of buprofezin 65% WP 2 500-fold dilution.Thus, it is suggested that fruit farmers should choose mineral oil or sodium pimaric acid for control during the peak period of eggs hatching. At present, spirotetramat · dinotefuran has not been registered yet in red bayberry. After further test and registration, it can be promoted and applied in practical production.