Genetic effects of phenotypic selection in white spruce |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, United States;2. Department of Botany, University of Buner KP, Pakistan;3. Dr. Moinuddin Ahmed Laboratory of Dendrochronology and Plant Ecology, Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan;1. DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;3. Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;4. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;1. Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;2. Department of Biological Science, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, PO Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique;1. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan, 45320;2. Qarshi Herb Research Center, Qarshi Industries, Industrial Estate Hattar, Pakistan;3. Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan;4. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China;5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;6. Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Phenotypically selected individuals, to be used in a breeding program, and randomly selected individuals of white spruce (Picea glauca Moench Voss) were sampled from nine stands within a breeding region to document impacts of early domestication in a wild species. Needles from both selected and random samples were surveyed for electrophoretically detectable genic variation at twelve different enzyme systems. Average heterozygosity (0.172) was comparable to geographically broader surveys of this species. Although a large number of unique and rare alleles were observed, only 0.7% of the variations was attributable to the among-stand component. No changes in genotypic structure were associated with phenotypic selection using this set of molecular markers. Because of this lack of association, the isozymes could serve as an independent set of neutral variables to monitor variation. Allele frequency and heterozygosity were not significantly different in the selected versus random populations. There were, however, differences between the two population samples when measures of allelic richness were contrasted. Only 75% of the alleles were represented in the selected population. Implications of these changes on the utility of phenotypically selected populations as gene conservation samples, and their representativeness as breeding populations, are discussed. |
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