香合欢在中国的地理分布和群落特征

为了解香合欢(Albizia odoratissima)在我国的地理分布和群落特征,通过查阅文献资料、野外踏查和群落调查相结合的方法,对6个主要分布省(自治区)的香合欢天然林资源和4个典型群落特征进行调查与分析。结果表明,香合欢主要分布于我国海南西部和西南部、广西西南各县、云南西部和南部及四川等地;多分布于垂直海拔850 m以下,干热河谷地区可分布于垂直海拔1600 m以上;分布区年均降水量788~1675.3 mm,年均气温19.3~25.7℃,最高气温42.5℃,最低气温-7℃,多属典型热带季风气候、亚热带季风性湿润气候和低(干)热河谷气候。香合欢常以优势树种或伴生树种存在于天然林群落,但其天然林群落结构不稳定,天然更新易受人为活动干扰和天然植被恢复进程影响。香合欢可作为我国南方地区高价值用材林发展的优选树种,应加强其种质资源收集与保存、苗木繁育与栽培、良种选育和加工利用等方面的研究。

Geographical Distribution and Community Characteristics of Albizia odoratissima in China

In order to find out geographical distribution and community characteristics of Albizia odoratissima in China, natural forest resources and four typical community characteristics of A. odoratissima in six main provinces(autonmous region) were investigated and analyzed by means of literature review, field survey and community investigation. Results showed that it mainly distributed in western and southwestern Hainan, counties in southwestern Guangxi, western and southern Yunnan, and Sichuan. Mostly distribution areas were below 850 m, which could reach above 1 600 m in dry-heat valley. Annual average rainfall was 788-1 675.3 mm, annual average temperature was 19.3-25.7 ℃, maximum temperature was 42.5 ℃, and minimum temperature was-7 ℃. Distribution areas were mostly typical tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon humid climate and low dry-heat valley climate. A. odoratissima often existed in natural forest communities with dominant or associated tree species, but community structure was unstable, and natural regeneration was affected by human activities and natural vegetation restoration process. A. odoratissima could be preferred tree species for development of high-value timber forests in southern China. Research in collection and preservation of germplasm resources, seedling breeding and cultivation, selection of superior varieties, as well as processing and utilization should be strengthened.