TIME-RESOLVED RENAL CONTRAST-ENHANCED MRA IN NORMAL DOGS

In humans, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is a documented method to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate renal vessels. It offers a safer alternative to computed tomography angiography. The aim of this study was to establish a renal MRA protocol in dogs using a 3D multiphase Fast Spoiled Gradient Recalled echo CE-MRA sequence (3D FSPGR CE-MRA). We used an elliptical centric ordering of k -space to acquire the contrast-sensitive data faster. Four to five consecutive 3D dorsal slabs, encompassing both kidneys, could be acquired in 40–65 s. The renal arterial and venous phases were obtained separately during phases 1 or 2, and 2 or 3, respectively without the need for any contrast medium bolus timing. The renal arteries and veins were clearly visualized. In conclusion, multiphase FSPGR 3D CE-MRA with an elliptical centric k -space ordering allows distinguishing renal arterial and venous phases in dogs, and can be used as a noninvasive diagnostic imaging alternative to map renal vessels in this species. Potential applications include the screening of renal donors in renal transplantation programs, and the pretreatment evaluation of animals with invasive renal neoplasia or renal vascular anomalies when surgery or embolization are contemplated.