不同赛道维护方式对1 600 m速度赛伊犁马步态特征和比赛成绩的影响

【目的】研究不同赛道维护方式对伊犁马步态特征、比赛成绩的影响,为伊犁马选种选育和赛道维护提供依据。【方法】以8匹伊犁马公马为研究对象,设计1 600 m途程比赛。用高速摄像机记录伊犁马在不同赛道维护方式下直道、弯道、终点的步态特征的视频素材,终点计时系统记录马匹比赛成绩,分析不同赛道维护方式下伊犁马各赛段步态特征、比赛成绩的差异性。【结果】直道阶段,前肢双支撑相、前位前蹄支撑相压实组极显著低于耙地组和普通组(P<0.01);步频压实组极显著高于耙地组和普通组(P<0.01),耙地组显著低于普通组(P<0.05);双支撑相步幅、总步幅、最大开张角度压实组极显著高于耙地组(P<0.01),显著高于普通组(P<0.05)。弯道阶段,后位后蹄支撑相、后肢间隔期、前位后蹄支撑相、后位前蹄支撑相、对角双支撑相、前肢间隔期、前肢双支撑相、前位前蹄支撑相压实组均极显著低于耙地组和普通组(P<0.01);腾空期、步频压实组极显著高于耙地组和普通组(P<0.01);腾空期步幅压实组显著高于普通组步幅(P<0.05);最大开张角度压实组显著高于耙地组和普通组(P<0.05)。终点阶段,后肢间隔期、前位后蹄支撑相、前肢双支撑相、前位前蹄支撑相压实组显著低于耙地组(P<0.05);步频压实组极显著高于耙地组(P<0.01),耙地组显著低于普通组(P<0.05);后肢步幅压实组显著高于普通组(P<0.05);双支撑相步幅压实组极显著高于耙地组(P<0.01),耙地组显著低于普通组(P<0.05);最大开张角度压实组显著高于耙地组和普通组(P<0.05)。【结论】压实组马匹步幅、步频较大,比赛成绩最好,赛道状况的差异会导致运动性能的差异。在选种选育,评价马匹运动性能过程中应考虑赛道状况,以提高个体选择准确性。

Effects of Different Track Maintenance Methods on the Gait Characteristics and Performance of Yili Horse in 1,600 M Speed Race

【Objective】 To study the effects of different track maintenance methods on the gait characteristics and race performance of Yili horses in the hope of providing basis for Yili horse breeding and track maintenance. 【Methods】 Eight Yili male horses were selected as the research objects for 1,600 m race. The high-speed camera was used to record the video materials of the gait characteristics in the straight, curve and finish under different track maintenance modes. The finish timing system recorded the horse race results and the differences of the gait characteristics and race results of Yili horses in each stage under different track maintenance modes were analyzed. 【Results】 In the straight phase, the overlap LF-TF and the stance LF of the compaction group were extremely significantly lower than those of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.01).The SF of compaction group was extremely significantly higher than that of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P <0.01). The SF of the harrowing group was significantly lower than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The Mid SL, the SL and the stride angle of the compaction group were extremely significantly higher than those of the harrowing group (P<0.01), and significantly higher than those of the ordinary group (P<0.05). In the curve phase, the stance TH, the AP TH-LH, the stance LH, the stance TF, the overlap LH-TF, the AP TF-LF, the overlap LF-TF, the stance LF of the compaction group was extremely significantly lower than those of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.01). The aerial duration and the SF of the compaction group were extremely significantly higher than those of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.01).The ADSL of the compaction group was significantly higher than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The stride angle of the compaction group was significantly higher than that of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.05).At the end stage, the AP TH-LH, the stance LH, the overlap LF-TF, the stance LF of the compaction group were significantly lower than those of the harrowing group (P<0.05).the SF of the compaction group was extremely significantly higher than that of the harrowing group (P<0.01), and that of the harrowing group was significantly lower than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The Hind SL of the compaction group was significantly higher than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The Mid SL of the compaction group was extremely significantly higher than that of the harrowing group (P<0.01), and the harrowing group was significantly lower than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The stride angle of the compaction group was significantly higher than that of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the stride length and stride frequency of horses in the compaction group are larger, and the race performance is the best. The difference of track conditions would lead to the difference of sports performance. Therefore, the track conditions should be considered in the process of breeding and evaluating the performance of horses to improve the accuracy of individual selection.