近十年安徽省秸秆直接还田研究进展

秸秆直接还田是当前农民应用最广泛的一种秸秆利用方式。安徽作为农业大省,同时也是秸秆产出大省,近年来积极推广秸秆还田并在相关方面形成了自己的研究特色。本文系统总结了2011年以来安徽省在秸秆直接还田技术及秸秆还田对土壤肥力、作物生长和产量、农田生态环境的影响等方面重要进展,以期为全面和深入开展秸秆还田研究提供参考,进一步推动秸秆资源高效利用。分析显示,安徽省秸秆直接还田研究工作近10年的进展主要体现在以下方面：（1）从秸秆还田方式和化肥配施运筹等方面对秸秆直接还田技术进行了优化;（2）拓宽了秸秆还田对土壤理化和生物学性质影响的研究范畴,开始关注土壤有机碳化学结构和土壤微生物群落组成等;（3）开始探究秸秆还田对作物病虫草害等的影响,并日益重视秸秆还田在农田氮磷流失、温室气体排放等方面的环境效应。综上,安徽省秸秆直接还田研究呈现出从以关注作物生产为主延伸到兼顾农田生态环境效应的发展趋向。今后,安徽省秸秆直接还田研究应该在补齐区域短板、拓展研究内容、探明环境效应及深化机理探究等方面重点推进。

Research Progress of Direct Straw Return in Anhui Province over the Last Decade

The returning straw directly to the field is the most widely adopted approach of straw utilization. Anhui is an important agricultural province with abundant main grain crop straw resources. In recent years, the direct straw return was actively promoted and a series of relative research were conducted in Anhui Province. In order to provide reference for the development of more in-depth research and promote the efficient utilization of straw resources, the recent important advances in straw direct returning technology and the effects of straw incorporation on soil fertility, crop production and agricultural eco-environment in Anhui Province were reviewed in this paper. The research progress of direct straw return in Anhui Province over the last decade were mainly embodied in the following aspects. (1) The technology of straw direct returning was optimized from manner of straw returning and combined application of chemical fertilizers. (2) The introduction of chemical structure of soil organic matter and soil microbial community structure broadened the research field concerning the effects of direct straw return on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. (3) The impact of straw incorporation on crop diseases, insect pests and weeds was beginning to be explored, and the increasingly attention was being paid to the environmental effects of straw return on nitrogen and phosphorus loss and greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, it could be concluded that the research on direct straw return in Anhui Province presented the transformation from a focus on crop production to more attention on eco-environmental effects. In the future, the study on straw directly returning to the field in Anhui Province should be strengthened from the following aspects: improving regional weak links, expanding research contents, clarifying environmental effects, and deepening mechanism exploration.