无核白与红地球葡萄落粒因子的细胞学分析

【目的】 研究影响无核白葡萄落粒的相关因子,为无核白葡萄落粒防控提供理论依据。【方法】 以易落粒的无核白葡萄与耐落粒的红地球葡萄为研究对象,测量无核白和红地球成熟期的果梗拉力与果梗木质素与纤维素含量;对成熟期无核白与红地球的离区、离层与果刷部位进行染色切片观察;测量离区、离层厚度及细胞截面积、离区及离层细胞纵横径;无核白经2,4-D、PCPA及环剥处理后,测量其脱断率与脱断力。【结果】 红地球果梗拉力(6.7±3.2)N,无核白果梗拉力(2.1±0.5)N,红地球葡萄果梗木质素和纤维素含量比无核白高;无核白离区范围较大,红地球离区范围较窄,红地球果刷宽大,离层细胞排列紧密,无核白果刷细小,离层细胞排列疏松,两种葡萄在果蒂离区、离层细胞形态上差异不大,但在离层和离区细胞的厚度上存在显著差异;无核白与红地球的果梗维管束直接通过离区,在离区细胞中呈现放射状分布,红地球离区中的维管束细胞显著较无核白多而密,较无核白拥有较厚的维管束细胞群;无核白的脱落方式比例有所改变,果梗拉力也大大增加,其中,环剥处理效果最为明显。【结论】 在红地球与无核白的综合比较分析中发现,果梗拉力大的葡萄具有果梗维管束发达,维管束与果肉连接紧密,离区范围小,果梗木质素与纤维素含量多的特点。

Cytological Analysis of Drop Factors in Thompson Seedless and Red Globe Grapes

【Objective】 In order to explore the related factors affecting Thompson Seedless grape seed-setting and provide theoretical basis for the control of the grape seed-setting in Xinjiang.【Methods】 The stem tension and the stem Lignin and cellulose contents of easy-dropping Thompson Seedless grape and resistant-dropping Red Globe grape were measured and the separation zone, the separation layer and the fruit brush of the mature Thompson Seedless and Red Globe were observed by staining section, and after that, the separation zone, the thickness of the separation layer and the cell cross section, the separation zone and the cell longitudinal and transverse diameter were measured; After 2, 4-D, PCPA and girdling treatment, the breaking rate and breaking force were measured.【Results】 The pull force of Red Globe stem was (6.7±3.2) N, the pull force of Thompson Seedless stem was (2.1±0.5) N, the Lignin and cellulose contents of Red Globe stem were higher than those of Thompson Seedless, the range of Thompson Seedless zone was larger and narrower. Red Globe had a wide brush, the cells in the abscission layer were closely arranged, the cells in the abscission layer were small and loose. There was no significant difference in the shape of the cells in the abscission zone and abscission zone between the two kinds of grapes. The vascular bundles of the fruiting pedicles of Thompson Seedless and Red Globe passed directly through the free zone and distributed radially in the free zone cells. The vascular bundle cells in the free zone of Red Globe were more and denser than those of Thompson Seedless, and had thicker vascular bundle cells than those of Thompson Seedless. the percentage of no-nucleated white and the tensile force of stem were increased, and girdling treatment was the most effective.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive comparative analysis between Red Globe and Thompson Seedless showed that the grapes with large stem pulling force has the characteristics of well-developed vascular bundles, tight connection between vascular bundles and pulp, small area away from fruit, and high content of lignin and cellulose.