温室番茄循环曝气地下滴灌土壤水分动态及耗水特性

为探求循环曝气地下滴灌对温室番茄土壤水分及耗水特性的影响规律，采用正交试验，研究了不同滴灌带埋深、曝气水平及灌水量对温室番茄土壤含水率、耗水量、产量及水分利用效率的影响.整个生育期内番茄耗水量呈先增大后减小的趋势，曝气处理番茄耗水量显著高于不曝气处理.相比于不曝气处理，曝气滴灌处理番茄产量提高10%.15 cm滴灌带埋深、溶氧值30 mg/L以及K_P为0.75灌水量处理的番茄产量和水分利用效率达到最大值，分别为64 951.3 kg/hm²和23.26 kg/(hm²·mm).结果表明，曝气处理对番茄产量、水分利用效率的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05).曝气对于土壤含水率有一定影响，且曝气处理有助于番茄对水分的吸收.滴灌带埋深和灌水量交互作用对番茄产量的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05),滴灌带埋深和曝气量交互作用对番茄产量的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.01),灌水量与滴灌带埋深、灌水量与曝气水平交互作用分别对番茄水分利用效率的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.01).

Soil moisture dynamics and water consumption characteristics of tomato under cyclic aeration subsurface drip irrigation in greenhouse

To explore the influence law of cyclic aeration underground drip irrigation on soil moisture and tomato water consumption characteristics of tomato in greenhouse. The effects of different drip irrigation depth, aeration level and irrigation amount on soil water content, water consumption, yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato were studied by orthogonal test. The water consumption of tomato increased first and decreased in the whole growth period. The water consumption of tomato treated with aeration was higher than that in without aeration treatment. Compared with without aeration treatment, aeration drip irrigation treatment increased tomato yield by 10% and water use efficiency by 0.4%, respectively. Drip belt depth 15 cm, dissolved oxygen value 30 mg/L, 75%ET₀ irrigation vo-lume promoted yield and water use efficiency reached the maximum, which were 64 951.3 kg/hm² and 23.26 kg/(hm²·mm), respectively. The result show that the effect of aeration treatment on tomato yield and water use efficiency was statistically significant(P<0.05). Aeration had a certain effect on soil moisture content, and helpful to tomato water absorption. Under the interaction, the interaction between the depth of drip irrigation belt and the amount of irrigation has a statistically significant effect on the yield of tomato(P<0.05), the interaction between the depth of drip irrigation belt and the amount of aeration has a statistically significant effect on the yield of tomato(P<0.01). The interaction between irrigation amount and depth of drip irrigation zone, irrigation amount and aeration level had significant effects on tomato water use efficiency(P<0.01).