牵引式疏花机设计与试验

针对疏花环节作业强度大、成本高及机械式疏花装置参数不可调等问题，结合现代化果园种植模式的农艺要求，设计一种牵引式疏花机。通过调整疏花机转轴转速、工作位置、切入角度及胶条间隔等主要参数进行疏花作业，提高装置在果园管理工作中的使用范围，并对牵引机构、传动机构、连杆机构、机架、液压马达、导向滑轨、转动轴、胶条进行结构设计。结合疏花机工作环境及负载力大小，对液压控制系统进行选型与设计，确定液压缸内径为25 mm,活塞杆直径为13 mm,最大负载为2.5 MPa,导向套长度为17 mm,液压泵为2.5 MPa,电机为2.5 kW,并校验活塞杆稳定性。田间试验表明，当整机前进速度为4 km/h、胶条转速为300～400 r/min、胶条间隔为5 cm时，疏除率在29%～35%,满足疏花阶段的农艺要求。

Design and experiment of traction type flower thinning machine

Aiming at the problems of high operation intensity, high cost and inability to adjust the parameters of the mechanical flower thinning device in the flower thinning link, and combined with the agronomic requirements of the modern orchard planting mode, a traction flower thinning machine is designed. By adjusting the main parameters such as the rotating speed of the thinning machine, the working position, the cutting angle and the interval of the rubber strips, the thinning operation is carried out, so as to improve the use range of the device in the management of the orchard, and the traction mechanism, transmission mechanism, link mechanism, rack, Hydraulic motor, guide rail, rotating shaft, rubber strip for structural design. Combined with the working environment and load force of the thinning machine, the hydraulic control system is selected and designed. It is determined that the hydraulic cylinder is 25 mm, the diameter of the piston rod is 13 mm, the maximum load is 2.5 MPa, the length of the guide sleeve is 17 mm, the hydraulic pump is 2.5 MPa, the motor is 2.5 kW, and also to verify the stability of the piston rod. Field tests show that when the forward speed of the whole machine is 4 km/h, the speed of the glue strip is 300-400 r/min, and the interval between the glue strips is 5 cm, the thinning rate is 29%-35%, which meets the agronomic requirements of the flower thinning stage.