不同遮荫环境的温湿效应及其对人体舒适度的影响

选择6处不同的遮荫环境(4处为植物遮荫环境，2处为建筑遮荫环境)，通过实地监测样地内空气温度与相对湿度等数据，揭示不同遮荫环境对温湿效应及人体舒适度的影响。结果表明，夏季8:00-18:00各样地的空气温度、相对湿度、温湿指数(THI)均呈现单峰变化趋势，其最高或最低值出现在12:00或14:00。6种遮荫环境下，遮荫度越高，样地内空气温度越低，相对湿度越高；但建筑遮荫环境的相对湿度显著低于植物遮荫环境，而下垫面类型或植被种类的差异对THI没有明显影响。6处样地日间平均THI由大到小为稀树草地(26.1±0.09)、疏林草地(25.8±0.07)、铺装场地(25.2±0.06)、草坪(25.1±0.06)、阔叶林(24.6±0.05)、针叶林(24.5±0.05)，THI越高，人体越不舒适，表明夏季气温偏高引起了人体的不舒适，但是与其他环境相比，遮荫度较高的针叶林和阔叶林可明显改善人体的舒适度。相关性分析表明，遮荫度与THI、空气温度之间具有极强负相关性(-1.0＜r≤-0.8，P＜0.01)。遮荫度每提高10%，空气温度降低约0.5 ℃，THI下降0.35。因此，提高环境的遮荫度可以显著降低空气温度与THI值，从而改善人体舒适度。

Temperature and Humidity Effects of Different Shading Environments and Their Effects on Human Comfort

Six different shading environments (4 plant shading environments and 2 building shading environments) were selected to reveal the influence of different shading environments on the local geothermal environment and human comfort by monitoring the air temperature and relative humidity in the sample plots.The results showed that during 8:00-18:00 in summer,the daily changes of air temperature,relative humidity,temperature and humidity index (THI ) all presented single peak trends,the highest or lowest values appeared at 12:00 or 14:00.However,the relative humidity of the building shading environment was significantly lower than that of the plant shading environment,and the difference of underlying surface type or vegetation type had no significant effect on THI.The daily average THI of the six plots was savanna (26.1±0.09)>fruit forest (25.8±0.07)>paving site (25.2±0.06)>lawn (25.1±0.06)>broad-leaved forest (24.6±0.05)>coniferous forest (24.5±0.05),the higher the THI,the more uncomfortable for people,which indicated that the high temperature in hot summer caused human discomfort,but compared with other environments,coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest with higher shading effect could significantly improve human comfort.There was a strong negative correlation between shading degree and THI,air temperature (-1.0<r≤-0.8,P<0.01).When shading degree increased by 10%,air temperature decreased by 0.5 ℃,THI decreased by 0.35.Therefore,increasing the degree of shading can significantly reduce the air temperature and THI,and significantly improve human comfort.