新疆阿勒泰地区耕地质量评价及障碍因素诊断

【目的】评价阿勒泰地区耕地质量等级,引入障碍度模型诊断低等地障碍因素,为耕地的改良和建设提供数据支持。【方法】运用特尔斐法、层次分析法和模糊综合评价法,从立地条件、理化性质和耕地管理3个方面选取13个指标,利用地理信息系统技术和障碍度模型定量化对阿勒泰地区耕地质量和障碍因素进行分析和诊断。【结果】(1)阿勒泰地区耕地质量平均等级为5.24等,优等地(一至三等)、中等地(四至六等)、低等地(七至十等)分别占耕地总面积的12.30%、62.84%和24.86%,以中等地为主,阿勒泰地区耕地质量现状良好。(2)对阿勒泰地区低等地进行障碍因素诊断,发现评价指标中有机质、有效磷、灌溉能力和有效土层厚度的障碍度占比较高,分别为16.30%、13.41%、12.27%和8.32%,以轻、中度障碍为主,主要分布在布尔津县、福海县和青河县,富蕴县的耕地障碍因素不明显。【结论】阿勒泰地区耕地质量受海拔和环境等因素的影响有从东北向西南方向递减的趋势,理清了低等地中障碍因素的种类、数量和空间分布。

Study on Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality and Diagnosis of Obstacle Factors in Altay Region,Xinjiang

【Objective】 In order to ensure the efficient use of arable land resources, this study evaluates the quality of arable land in the Altai region in terms of grade, on the basis of which a barrier degree model is introduced to diagnose the barrier factors for low grade land, so as to provide data support for future improvement and construction of arable land.【Method】 In this study, 13 indicators were selected from three aspects of land conditions, physical and chemical properties and arable land management using Telfer method, hierarchical analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the quality of arable land and obstacle factors in Altai region were analyzed and diagnosed quantitatively by using GIS technology and obstacle degree model.【Results】 (1) The average grade of arable land quality in Altay is 5.24, with excellent land (Grade 1 to 3), medium land (Grade 4 to 6) and low land (Grade 7 to 10) accounting for 12.30%, 62.84% and 24.86% of the total arable land area, respectively, indicating that the current status of arable land quality in Altay is good. (2) Obstacle factors were diagnosed for the lowlands in the Altai region, and it was found that the evaluation indexes of organic matter, effective phosphorus, irrigation capacity and effective soil thickness accounted for a higher percentage of obstacles, 16.30%, 13.41%, 12.27% and 8.32%, respectively, with mild and moderate obstacles, mainly in Burqin, Fuhai and Qinghe counties, and the obstacles of arable land in Fuyun County were not obvious.【Conclusion】 The cultivated land quality in Altay area is affected by altitude, environment and other factors, with a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest. At the same time, the types, quantity and spatial distribution of obstacle factors in low land are clarified. It provides scientific basis for improving the quality of cultivated land and ensuring the productive capacity of cultivated land.