氮肥减量配施有机肥对大白菜产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响

为了研究黄淮海区域大白菜合理有效的施肥模式,以“北京新三号”为供试材料,设置12种不同处理(CK1,不施肥;CK2,常规施肥;T1,常规减施化肥N 100%;T2,常规减施化肥N 15%;T3,常规减施化肥N 15%+有机肥替代15%N;T4,常规减施化肥N 30%;T5,常规减施化肥N 30%+有机肥替代15%N;T6,常规减施化肥30%+有机肥替代30%N;T7,常规减施化肥N 40%;T8,常规减施化肥N 40%+有机肥替代15%N;T9,常规减施化肥N 40%+有机肥替代30%N;T10,常规减施化肥N 40%+有机肥替代40%N),研究氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对大白菜产量、品质、土壤养分及氮肥利用率的影响.结果表明:氮肥减量配施生物有机肥显著提高了大白菜产量,处理T3最高为307.43 t/hm²,较处理CK1,CK2和T1分别增产63.06%,14.49%和36.68%,与土壤中速效氮、速效钾含量呈正相关;与常规施肥相比,氮肥减量配施生物有机肥显著降低了大白菜硝酸盐含量,提高了维生素C、可溶性糖含量.氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对土壤酶活性也产生了显著影响,增施适量有机肥还增强了根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,而酸性磷酸酶活性降低.此外,与处理T1相比,氮肥利用率提高5.54%~60.71%.综合大白菜产量、品质及氮肥利用率等因素,常规减施化肥N 15%+有机肥替代N 15%施肥处理效果最佳.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on yield,quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Chinese Cabbage

To study the reasonable and effective fertilization mode of Chinese cabbage in Huang Huai Hai area, ′Beijing New No. 3′ was used as the test material, 12 different treatments were set as: CK1: No fertilization, CK2: Conventional fertilization, T1: Conventional reduced fertilizer N 100%, T2: Conventional reduced fertilizer N 15%, T3: Conventional reduced fertilizer N 15% + Organic fertilizer replaced N 15%, T4: Conventional reduced fertilizer N 30%, T5: Conventional reduced fertilizer N 30% + Organic fertilizer replaced N 15%, T6: Conventional reduced fertilizer 30% + Organic fertilizer replaced N 30%, T7: Conventional reduced fertilizer N 40%, T8: Conventional reduced fertilizer N 40% + Organic fertilizer replaced N 15%, T9: Conventional reduced fertilizer N 40% + Organic ferti-lizer replaced N 30%, T10: conventional reduced fertilizer N 40% + Organic fertilizer replaced N 40%. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer on the yield, qua-lity, soil nutrients accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Chinese cabbage were studied. The results showed that the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. The highest T3 treatment was 307.43 t/hm², which was 63.06%, 14.49% and 36.68% higher than that of treatment CK1, CK2 and T1, respectively. It was positively correlation with the content of available nitrogen and potassium in soil. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the nitrate content of Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced and the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar was increased by the combination of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and bio organic fertilizer. The reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and the application an appropriate amount of bio-organic fertilizer also has a significant impact on soil enzyme activity. The application of appropriate amount of organic fertilizer also enhanced the activities of urease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase in rhizosphere soil, while acid phosphatase activity decreased. In addition, compared with T1 treatment, the nitrogen utilization efficiency was increased by 5.54%-60.71%. Considering the yield, quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Chinese cabbage, the treatment of conventional fertilizer reduction N 15% + organic fertilizer replacement N 15% was the best fertilization method.